Is Aeneas pious Essay Example for Free

Is Aeneas devout Essay For some, Aeneas is the characterisation of devotion: he respects his obligation to the divine beings and his fate, his obligation to his family, to his kin, network and to his homeland and he sticks to unemotional qualities. Ostensibly the most significant part of devotion is the adherence to his obligation to the divine beings and his fate, which I will talk about first. In book 1, Venus appears to her child, Aeneas in the pretense of ‘a Spartan young lady out chasing, wearing the dress of a Spartan young lady and conveying her weapons’. Aeneas perceives that the young lady is Augustus additionally exalted Julius in the Lex Titia in 43 BC, which sanctioned the Second Triumvirate and denoted the finish of the Roman Republic. Augustus summoned the Lax Papia Poppaea in 9 AD to empower marriage by making it all the more monetarily reasonable to be hitched and have youngsters than to not. He likewise made infidelity deserving of expulsion by passing the Lex Iulia de Adulteriis Coercendis in 17 BC, and broadly expelled his solitary natural little girl, Julia the Elder in 2 BC. This empowered family solidarity more than previously, and urged fathers to remain with their spouses and kids, particularly as there was an additional duty set on unmarried men over the age of 30. Aeneas exhibits a mind blowing feeling of obligation to his kin, network and mother country directly from the earliest starting point of the sonnet. After the tempest incited by Juno and Aeolus, and Aeneas and his men are saved by Neptune, who is angry that they were changing the common example of his oceans, without his authorization. Aeneas thinks about his men first, thus, when he saw a crowd of deer, he chased, and slaughtered ‘seven immense bodies (which he laid) on the ground, one for each of the ships’. This shows how he takes into account their necessities before his own. The family divine beings, which include in book 2, are illustrative of the Trojan people group, thus when Aeneas, ‘fresh from all the battling and killing’, will not contact them along these lines, it shows his veneration for the network. In book 4, he likewise shows thought towards the network, yet Dido’s people group in Carthage. Mercury discloses to us how he ‘caught sight of Aeneas establishing the frameworks of’ Carthage with Dido. This commitment to the more extensive network, despite the fact that it implies that he is deviating from his fate, is as yet exhibiting devotion. Aeneas not just holds the Funeral Games in book 5 out of respect for his dad, however to likewise raise the confidence of his men. Aeneas holds different races and matches which permit his men to be upbeat after the demise of Dido, which they would have suspected occurred, and furthermore after the passing of Anchises, and furthermore of different men of the team. Virgil speaks to Aeneas as having virtus, as he shrouds his actual feelings inside, to secure his men. In book 1, Aeneas, despite the fact that ‘he was wiped out with every one of his considerations(;) he appeared (his men) the substance of expectation and kept his hopelessness somewhere down in his heart’, which would have served to raise the assurance of the men, in the event that they realized their pioneer was not disturbed, they would be shown others how its done. Augustus exhibited his consideration for his locale by giving 400 sercestes to each of ‘the Roman plebs’ in 44 BC out of his own cash. He additionally ‘restored the Capitol, and the performance center of Pompey, (†¦) reestablished the channels of the water channels, (and) finished the Forum Julium and the bascilla between the sanctuaries of Castor and Saturn’ all through his rule, up until 12 AD. In spite of Aeneas and furthermore Augustus, as Aeneas is a characterisation of Augustus, Mezentious isn't devout in his consideration of his locale and individuals. Virgil delineates him as a stunning pioneer and in book 8; the artist unveils how the pioneer conceived another type of torment ‘whereby living men were roped to dead bodies, composing them hand to hand and eye to eye, to bite the dust a waiting passing overflowing with festering flesh’. Mezentius’ scorn for his men differences to Aeneas’ care and regard for his own men, and undoubtedly all things considered, as we see Aeneas saves the Greek, overlooked by Odysseus (Ulixes) from the Cyclopses, which improves our perspectives on Aeneas’ devotion in contrast with this terrible pioneer. Aeneas’ devotion is regularly characterized by how he exhibits apathy, and he does as such all through the sonnet. Stoics accepted that the thought of destiny must be regarded and that no human man could, or ought to meddle with destiny, as it is an inescapable power. The capacity to suffer what destiny tosses at you is additionally a significant apathetic quality, and one that Aeneas shows over and over. In book 1, Aeneas drives his men through the tempest began by Aeolus and Juno, until they are saved by Neptune. He bears the tempest, and persuades his men to trust in him after the tempest, and this is essentially why he is such a decent pioneer on account of his purpose and perseverance, which additionally characterizes his devout nature. A key aloof conviction is judiciousness of the universe, and highlights inside Aeneas. Stoics accepted that a reasonable, and obviously, male brain is the best head for any network, and this is the main route for a network to flourish under one, judicious, male pioneer. Circumstantially Augustus Caesar fits these models, thus, needed to execute Anthony. In like manner Cleopatra, what dido's identity is demonstrated of, needed to bite the dust she was female as was unreasonable, so was a terrible pioneer, and this likewise clarifies why she was so energetic, in light of the fact that the apathetic generalization of a lady, is that they are enthusiastic, passionate and silly. The separation among people is framed from the partiality that ladies are nonsensical, and the generalization that men are naturally normal. All through the sonnet, we are given the juxtaposition of the silly females, dominatingly Dido and Juno, and the discernment of Aeneas and Jupiter. Jupiter controls destiny, introducing judiciousness upon the universe and Juno endeavors to wreck destiny, keeping Aeneas from following his fate, which, obviously, doesn't work. The triumph of Jupiter’s destiny is appeared by how Jupiter guides Aeneas, which shows how the levelheadedness of the male psyche can't be ousted by a silly female, even one who is a goddess. Virgil was supposed to accept that affection and abhor were both excess as they were both idea which faltered from the ‘path’ of destiny, making two alternate extremes that were similarly negative to an apathetic. This maybe clarifies why Virgil shows that the acknowledgment of destiny and your predetermination is the best way to accomplish judiciousness. Virgil’s relationship with Augustus clarifies why ladies are depicted as negative, since Augustus was intrinsically an emotionless, and accepted that ladies were nonsensical, and bound for overwhelming the household circle, while men ought to rule legislative issues and war. Stoics were firm adherents of the idea of ‘mind over matter’, introduced by the Trojan women’s matter of flares, which are quenched by the ‘mind’ (or destiny) when Aeneas needs to head out not long after the Funeral Games. The writer presents his crowd with fire for enthusiasm, want and torment which all speak to demolition. We gain from his epic sonnet that Virgil accepts that these toxic feelings won't succeed when confronted with destiny, as ladies are basically connected with fire, as we see Juno much of the time depicted as ‘burning with passion’, and we additionally observe Turnus portrayed as ‘burning’, critically both effeminising him and disdaining war. Aeneas frequently needs to manage the loss of his men with the goal that he can accomplish his fate; one such survivor of Aeneas’ destiny is Creusa, who passes on before they even leave Troy and another is Aeneas’ father, Anchises. He accomplishes almost beyond words mature age, in spite of the fact that Aeneas despite everything grieves his demise. Aeneas must acknowledge that there are losses that must be suffered on the off chance that he can accomplish his fate. The dad child relationship was one that was impacted by apathetic convictions, as stoics accepted that the dad figure (pater patria) ought to consistently be obeyed as he is astute. Toward the start of the sonnet, Anchises is the pater patria, anyway once Anchises kicks the bucket, Aeneas takes over as the pater patria. Aeneas demonstrates his devotion to his dad by emblematically conveying him on his shoulders out of Troy, organizing him much over his lone child. These meanings of devotion are interlinked, and can't exist without the others, be that as it may, once in a while we see that to satisfy one piece of devotion, Aeneas must overlook another, thus the principles of what characterizes a devout individual are plainly not unchangeable. All things considered, Aeneas is in the same class as a depiction of a devout individual there is, and he is an impression of how Augustus wished to be seen. Along these lines, we need to ask ourselves, as the Roman crowd would have: Aeneas is without a doubt devout and as devout as one man can, hypothetically, be, yet would he say he is unachievably devout? Thus, does this make him as a very remarkable character of folklore as the beasts he experienced in heck, and along these lines, I feel the significant inquiry isn't: ‘is Aeneas devout? ’ yet is rather, for what reason would he say he is devout? On the off chance that Aeneas was not devout, and was rather a copy of Homer’s Odysseus, who is regularly spoken to as Aeneas’ direct opposite, would there be any reason in Virgil’s sonnet? No, there would not, and this is the reason Aeneas is appeared as devout, and was accepted to be the perfect man by the Romans, a shape for which to cast their own characters in and structure themselves by.

Violence And TV Essays - Dispute Resolution, Crime, Criminology

Brutality And TV English 111, Section 06 23 October 1999 television: The Other Parent Is it guardians' flaw or youngsters' that they sit hours in front their large gleaming box hypnotized, and learning vicious conduct as a methods for identifying with others. Reality with regards to TV viciousness and youngsters has been appeared. Studies have been done and all the outcomes point to a similar end: Violence on TV influences the conduct of kids who are watching it. Truth be told, savagery on TV makes kids be progressively brutal, and the impacts could be deep rooted. A few analysts and therapists accept that proceeded presentation to brutality can accelerate the effect of the grown-up world on a youngster's life (Douglas Carter T. V. Savagery and the Child). Presentation to rough material can drive the youngster into a sort of untimely development, and make the youngster become dumbfounded and have a more noteworthy doubt towards others. It even could cause the kid to have clumsy way to deal with grown-up issues and they may even build up a longing not to become grown-ups. TV viciousness can decimate a youthful youngster's brain, and the impacts might be ever enduring. This is made clear in New York, where a 16-year-old kid broke into a basement. At the point when the police got him what's more, asked him for what reason he was wearing gloves, he said that he had learned not to leave fingerprints from TV. Furthermore, significantly another case in Alabama where a nine-year-old got an awful report from his instructor and had plans to send her harmed sweets like he had seen the prior night on a TV appear (Michael Howe J. A. TV and Children). This demonstrates in the wake of survey TV savagery the world, through a youngster's eyes, gets twisted in correlation. The youngsters make brutality to help keep them-selves fulfilled. The explanation kids are so attracted to the viciousness on TV today is that the characters on TV make it look fun, so the kids think that its enjoyable to mirror. The Mighty Morphin' Power Officers are a prime case of children copying TV characters as fun. Our government has led a trial where kids were disregarded in a room with a TV playing a tape of other kids at play, and soon things got out of hand. The children who had quite recently observed business brutality acknowledged a lot higher levels of hostility than other youngsters. Also, in other research led, it was discovered that U.S. kids feed off one another's animosity, scholastic issues, disagreeability with companions, and savagery. What's more, this advances the savage conduct in kids today. It has been discovered that kids who observe more TV are bound to take care of their issues with savagery as opposed to kids who don't, and plunk down to work their issues out. Yet, as much rough programs that there are out in the TV world there were (possibly still are) those projects that show the correct method to determine things. Like the once well known Television arrangement Little House on the Prairie. Michael Landon showed the good benefits of taking care of issues without the utilization of savagery. Fixing this issue isn't simple, it will never leave, and in time will deteriorate. About the main approach to address this ever-developing issue is to stop it where it begins: in the home. The guardians should assume up the liability to be more into what their kids watch. The guardians are the good examples for the kids so if the guardians can show the kids that viciousness isn't essential, alongside keeping a close eye on what they watch, at that point perhaps this issue before long wouldn't be as awful as it is currently. After all the youngsters are everybody's future leaders of this world and what might occur in the event that they were all savage?

What Happens If You Smoke Marijuana

What Happens If You Smoke Marijuana Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print What Happens If You Smoke Marijuana? Reactions with pot can vary widely By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Sean Gallup Collection / Getty Images News More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The reaction you may have when trying marijuana can vary dramatically based on many factors.?? Some people report not feeling anything at all when they smoke marijuana. In other cases, people report feeling relaxed or high. Some people who use  marijuana report having sudden feelings of anxiety and paranoid thoughts and that might be caused by trying a higher potency marijuana, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.?? Research also shows that regular use of marijuana is linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety and a loss of motivation or drive.?? You may feel dopey on the drug, which is when you begin to lose interest in activities that you might have previously enjoyed or you may lose the ability to grasp concepts easily. Short-Term Discomforts of Using Weed The effects of using marijuana can be unpredictable, especially when it is mixed with other drugs, research shows. You may feel relaxed on the drug, but other things you might not be expecting with pot use can include rapid heart rate and other unpleasantries.?? Dry mouthSwollen eyelidsBloodshot eyesLoss of coordinationAccelerated heart rate Short-Term Hazards As with any drug or substance that can alter perception, logic and usual behavior, there are several short-term hazards of using marijuana from impairing driving abilities to memory loss.?? Learning difficultiesLack of attention and focusPoor driving skillsAnxiety and paranoiaImpaired memoryDifficulty in thinking Long-Term Hazards Any drug that is taken over a prolonged period of time can have an effect on your health. Several of the physical barriers that can occur range from infertility problems to overall brain functions.?? An increased risk of developing lung, head, and neck cancersLack of motivationDecreased sperm count in menIrregular menstruation in womenRespiratory problemsHeightened risk of infections, especially the lungsPoor short-term memory recallInability to shift attention normallyInability to understand complex information? Unpredictable Reactions The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that marijuana can affect each person differently according to their own body chemistry and the type of pot used.?? Some people can use weed and never have any negative reactions while others may try it and get entirely freaked out by the experience. Your biology (genetic makeup)Marijuanas strength (amount of active ingredient THC)Previous experience with the drugHow its taken (smoked versus ingested)Whether alcohol or other drugs are taken too? Not Your Grandfathers Pot   Studies have found that the marijuana available today is much different in terms of potency compared to what was generally available in the 1960s  when the use of the drug became widespread in the United States.?? Todays strains of the plant contain much more of the active ingredient in marijuana: tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, researchers say.?? That makes todays weed much more potent than that smoked by the hippies and flower children of the Woodstock generation. Edible Marijuana Products More Potent? As recreational marijuana becomes legal in more states in the U.S., more edible products containing marijuana are hitting the market. When marijuana is ingested it is absorbed by the body more slowly and the effects can last longer and be stronger.?? Emergency rooms have reported an increase of cases involving negative reactions to marijuana and many of those cases can be traced back to edible marijuana products.

Are Muslims Exempt from Obama Health Care Law

Are Muslims exempt from carrying health insurance under the health care reform law signed by President Barack Obama in 2010? At least one widely circulated email claims that Muslims are indeed exempt from The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts individual mandate provision, which requires Americans to carry health insurance or face financial penalties. Muslims are specifically exempted from the government mandate to purchase insurance, and also from the penalty tax for being uninsured, the email reads. Islam considers insurance to be gambling, risk-taking and usury and is thus banned. Muslims are specifically granted exemption based on this. The email immediately raises a red flag given widespread rumors that Obama is secretly a Muslim. So is there any truth to it? Exemptions From Health Care Reform Law The health care reform law does, in fact, include a religious conscience clause that allows certain recognized religious sects an exemption to the individual mandate. The health care reform law defines those sects as ones that are also exempt from Social Security payroll taxes under 26 U.S. Code section 1402(g)(1). In other words, religious sects that seek exemption from the health care reform laws individual mandate must also waive all benefits from Social Security and Medicare. The health care reform law does not, however, specify which religious sects are, or are not, eligible for such an exemption - Muslim or otherwise. Historically, the overwhelming majority of religious sects that have sought and received exemptions from Social Security are Mennonite and Amish groups. Most if not all Mennonite and Amish groups eschew traditional, commercial health insurance in favor of plans set up by their church districts. Could Muslims Seek Exemption from Health Care Reform Law Could Muslims seek exemption from the health care reform law? Yes, but they have given no indication of intending to do so. Muslims living in non-Islamic countries such as the United States do not believe it is a sin to comply with the health care reform law. The Muslim scholar Sheikh Muhammed Al-Munajjid advises those practicing Islam in such countries: If you are forced to take out insurance and there is an accident, it is permissible for you to take from the insurance company the same amount as the payments you have made, but you should not take any more than that. If they force you to take it then you should donate it to charity. Until that belief changes, the email about Muslims exempt from the health care reform law being circulated by conspiracy theorists remains bogus. Is Congress Exempt from Obamacare? In the uproar over the law’s passage, claims that members of Congress had exempted themselves from Obamacare quickly spread across social media. However, the law actually singled out lawmakers—Republicans and Democrats—and their staffs by forcing them to give up their standard government employee health insurance and buy insurance from the Obamacare health care marketplaces. While lawmakers and their staffs do get their traditional employer contribution to put toward a plan from the marketplaces, they must still get insurance like everyone else to avoid paying a tax penalty. Who is Exempt from Obamacare? In fact, there are two categories of individuals who are exempt from Obamacare: criminals and Native Americans. Incarcerated Criminals   The Affordable Care Act specifically provides that â€Å"incarcerated individuals excluded.† The health care of inmates is the responsibility of the prisons housing them. The level of care inmates receive varies by state, but typically includes regular check-ups and emergency care. Native Americans Members of federally recognized Native Indian tribes are exempt from Obamacare. While they are not required to have insurance, they receive free health care through the U.S. Indian Health Service under one of several long-standing treaties with the federal government. Updated by Robert Longley

Reflection Of Reflection On Practice - 2506 Words

SNPG 950 ASSESSMENT 2 REFLECTION FOR PRACTICE Reflection for practice in health care is predetermined skilled activity where individual evaluates and explains own ideas, feelings, behavior and intervention and provides clinical reason of its effectiveness. Reflection is a process of looking at own behavior and changing self rather than expecting others to change. While changing self, values and moral should be considered. However cultural background, workplace culture highly influences the values. For example: medical restrain: Medical restrain is restricting the movement of a patient with slight pain in order to prevent harming themselves and others. At the time when I used to work in an institution I have seen many cases of restrain. I†¦show more content†¦While restraining patient I strictly maintained the patient safety, comfort and psychological need. During the period, I monitor the nutritional level, hydration and monitor for input and output. I maintained interpersonal relationship, provide psychological support . I followed the professional value as well. While complying the professional value, I closely surveillance for the physical safety and change the place of restraint in every two hours which improves the blood circulation in affected area and allow patient for movement and minimizes the risk of bruises and wound. In an addition, recording was done and proper handover was given to other workers. And with the discussion of health care team member, the patient action plan was designed and implemented. Throughout the care I was honest with my patient and his family member and provided a clear information to them. Rolfe model is the reflective approach based on three questions what, so what and now what. Again exploring restraint further according to Rolfe model it is described in followings: 1) What: In this section, the main event is identified like: patient aggression is an issue. Anger is seen in most of the psychiatric case. However, sometimes general patient can be aggressive due to the long-term hospital stay, confusing medical treatment, attitude ofShow MoreRelatedReflection Of Reflection And Reflective Practice1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate my understanding of reflection and reflective practice. Reflection means that we learn by thinking about our experiences and seeing them in a different way. (Dewey, 1938) suggested that, ‘we learn by doing and realising what came of what we did’. Nurses experience physical, hands on, during their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then practice standards will deteriorate. Reflective practice is vital for nurses, responsibleRead MoreReflection in Practice7253 Words   |  30 Pagesmaking Practice-Based Learning work Reflection on PRACTICE A resource commissioned by the Making Practice Based Learning Work project, an educational development project funded through FDTL Phase 4 Project Number 174/02 and produced by staff from the University of Ulster. www.practicebasedlearning.org Author Patricia McClure School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster www.practicebasedlearning.org contents Reflection on Practice 02 The Role of ReflectiveRead MoreReflection On Reflective Practice1648 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice Reflection means deliberately taking time to review the happenings of a certain matter and processing how that matter was handled, how it could have been better handled, and how it should be handled in the event that it happens again. This is a practice that I have made a part of my daily life. I reflect over my day on my twenty minute drive home. It allows me to process my day with a critical eye. Often, I feel that I could have handled things differently. There are also daysRead Morecritical reflection practice2329 Words   |  10 PagesCritical reflection. What do we really mean? Patricia Lucas Auckland University of Technology (and PhD student Deakin University) Do we really know what critical reflection means in the context of work-integrated learning, more specifically cooperative education? Critical reflection, in some form, is located within many higher education programmes, including cooperative education and many educators would say this is important for in-depth student learning. It is a form of reflection that isRead MoreClinical Practice Reflection1592 Words   |  7 PagesREFLECTIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE EXPERIENCE Introduction My reflective clinical practice experience was based on my eight weeks placement in an acute mental health ward in a hospital. 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It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effectiveRead MoreJohns Reflection And Gibbs Reflection in Nursing Practice1931 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, I will discuss several issues that seem to bind nursing practice with questions of ethics, sociology and management. Reflective practice is an important aspect of nursing management and in this essay we discuss implications of discrimination in nursing care and examine the importance of anti-discriminatory perspectives in nursing. In this paper, the case study I will elaborate is of an elderly woman who was of a non-British ethnic origin and spoke little English. A juniorRead MoreReflection: Surgery and Reflective Practice1110 Words   |  5 Pagesassignment critically discusses a reflective practice with regards to a clinical placement I undertook. In the following critical incident that I encountered I will utilize the Gibbs Reflective Model. Gibbs reflective model is fairly straightforward and encourage a clear description of the situation. Analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion and action plan where other options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you wouldRead MoreReflection Of Clinical Practice794 Words   |  4 Pagesprepared for mortuary and putting canulla and taking it out. These skills will be discussed in this essay using (Gibb’s, 1988) model. I have chosen to use Gibb’s model because I find this model easier to use and understand to guide me through my reflection process. Moreover, this model will be useful in breaking the new skills that I have developed into a way that I can understand. This model will also enable me to turn my experiences into knowledge that I can refer to in the future when facing sameRead MoreReflection On Reflective Practice946 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Practice Journal Healthcare reform has caused many new changes in how patients are cared for in today’s society. Healthcare is now centered on the patient actively participating in their plan of care. The focus of healthcare is to maintain a safe environment for patients and improve patient outcomes by following evidenced based practice procedures that help guide the nurse in delivering patient centered care. Informatics, Quality, and Safety While taking this course, a key aspect that

Psychological Foundation of Education Free Essays

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (University of the City of Manila) Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila Graduate School of Arts, Sciences and Education Course Code and Title:Foundation of Education Title:Psychological Foundation Professor:Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Foundation of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ofelia D. Lazarte Date:March 8, 2008 Teaching and learning are complex processes that bring people together. While teaching consist of behaviors are practiced by the teacher to facilitate and development of the individual, learning implies a relatively permanent change in behavior potentiality resulting from maturation and experience. Teaching and learning are both psychological processes. They are the main concerns of the teacher since learning is the ultimate purpose of teaching. The teacher who has a knowledge of the theories and principles of human development specifically intellectual development can design learning activities appropriate learner and will promote effective learning. The educative process has three components namely, the learner who is the center of the educative process in a school, the teachers who provides needed learning opportunities ands guide learners, and the learning process undertaken to achieve the desired outcomes. There are two general factors that affect the human development: heredity and environment. Heredity and environment complement and supplement each other in every phase of growth and development. In the life span of human beings, there are stages of development based on the chronological age of individuals. These are prenatal period, infancy or babyhood, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and old age. Corresponding to each stage are certain characteristics and social expectations termed developmental tasks. Several theories of development were formulated by psychologists to explain behavioral changes at various stages of development. The five theories of development are Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky’s theory of development, Erikson’s psychological theory of development, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. For successful teaching, educators should understand variations among individuals. They show physical, intellectual, and behavioral differences. Learning is the acquisition through maturation and experience of new and more knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable the learner to make better and more adequate reactions, responses, and adjustments to new situations and conditions. An understanding of the nature of learning and the conditions under which learning takes place is very important to the teacher. There are three types of learning Cognitive learning which pertains to the acquisition of knowledge, facts and information, principles, ideas, concepts, understanding, reasoning. Affective learning which involves the process of acquiring good attitudes ideas, judgment and values and Psychomotor learning which involves the use of the muscles in bodily movement. Learning theories are classified as behavioral learning theories and cognitive learning theories. Among the behavioral theories are: Thorndike’s connectionism; Skinner’s operant conditioning; Pavlov’s classical conditioning; and Albert Bandura’s social learning theories. Cognitive theories of learning emphasize the concept that learning is a process of discovering and understanding relationships. Among the cognitive theories are; Kurt Lewin’s field theory, Kohler’s insight theory, Ausebels’s meaningful learning theory, Bruner’s cognitive theory, and information-processing theories. The teacher is the key factor in the classroom learning situation. She performs varied roles as model, manager, counselor, facilitator and evaluator of learning. Motivation is the process of arousing and sustaining interest in activity in order to achieve a goal. There are two kinds of motivation; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic is an internal stimulus that arouses one to action while extrinsic motivation is an external stimulus to action. It comes in the form of praise, high grades, medals, incentives, etc. There are various theories of motivation related to learning. A well-known theory of motivation is by Abraham Maslow. Other motivation theories are David McClellands need achievement theory and attribution theory. Communication is also very important in the learning situation. In the classroom, different patterns of classroom interaction are adopted by the teacher and students ensure effective learning. Knowing and understanding learning styles will enables the teacher to design strategies and methods of teaching that will match diversity of learning styles among pupils. How to cite Psychological Foundation of Education, Papers

Courage is the Root to Success free essay sample

Stepping off the kindergarten bus, I laid my eyes on the neighbor’s enormous, yellow Labrador, staring me into a tremble. The beast had its tongue hanging out , panting furiously. Feeling my palms begin to quiver and sweat, I slowly closed them into tight, nervous fists. However before I could fully process the situation, the dog took one step forward, driving me over the edge. Dropping everything I had been holding, I spun around, and took off as fast as my 5 year-old legs could carry me. Running away is every human’s automatic response when facing danger and fear. Courage is required to overcome that urge to flee from a conflict. Such courage is a priceless virtue that people learn through life experiences, and self-development. â€Å"He who lacks courage thinks with his legs.† – Coach John Wooden. Someone who does not have gallantry, and is afraid to face a challenge, does nothing to overcome a conflict. We will write a custom essay sample on Courage is the Root to Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mammoth dog caught up with me in just a matter of seconds. When it was right behind me, the ferocious dog bit me, right on the back of my thigh, and I felt the pain surge. Till this day, I still have the scar. From this experience I learned that trying to avoid a challenge only makes matters worse, for the problem will not disappear. Challenges are a part of our everyday life. Just one year ago, I was signed up to participate in a flute recital. That recital would be my debut in playing music in front of a large crowd. As normal, I was almost unbearably nervous. Every time the announcer would congratulate, and thank a musician for performing, my back would stiffen, and my stomach would churn, for it meant there was one less person to play before it would be my turn. At one point, my mind lingered on the thought of retreating, and deciding not to perform after all. However, that thought would be quickly terminated due to the experience with the dog. In that incident, I did not face the challenge, and was punished with a painful bite on the thigh. Not wanting to give up on a challenge again, I stepped up to the stage, and played my best. I am no longer that five year old girl running frantically away from a large dog. Courage, and valor are needed in everyday life to overcome conflict and fear. My past experiences taught me that no matter how large or small a challenge was, one should never try to subside it. Instead, a person should view a problem as an opportunity to gain experience and to learn a lesson about bravery. â€Å"Courage is simply the willingness to be afraid and act anyway.† – Dr. Robert Anthony.