Essay about Human Cloning A Benefit to Humanity - 607 Words

What would you think if you were to able to talk to an exact clone of yourself? Most people think that cloning is part of science fiction but can be done and in June of 1997, scientists in Scotland were successfully able to clone a sheep. This major step in cloning raised question in the scientific world. Many people ask is cloning ethical to humanity? To some people, being able to clone is like â€Å"playing God†. To me, is beneficiary to humanity if used in a manner to help, not harm. Statistics from the National Funeral Directors Association show that 8.8 people die in death per every on one thousand in the U.S. population, with the population at over two hundred billion to date. If cloning were introduced in to society, I feel that the†¦show more content†¦It may even be used to repair retinas of the eyes. Cloning also makes it possible to preserve certain qualities in selected fruits and plants. For example, creating a tomato or any kind of fruit or vegetable that was genetically enhanced to be bigger, or have more vitamins and nutrients in it, then cloning it for mass production. That would lead to more demand for a healthier consumer. This production of cloned vegetables is already being used today but in the future, every farmed plant may be genetically grown. According to surveys done on the ethics of cloning, six percent favor the use of cloning and more than eighty percent are against it. But on the other hand when ask if the practice and techniques of cloning were to be further researched, seventy one percent said yes. I asked a former teacher of mine what he felt about cloning and he quoted: I feel that cloning has more advantages to society than disadvantages. I mean, yeah, if you look at it at a certain way, it may seem immoral but I am all for the research and development of cloning. I’ve interviewed a lot of my friends and they are more afraid of cloning being used in way of mass destruction like for example, mass producing infantry soldiers for war. I think that as people mature, they start to see the benefits of cloning more than the drawbacks. In conclusion, I feel that cloning should be further researched and that peopleShow MoreRelatedIs Human Cloning Legal? Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesHuman cloning has not been legally used in humans because many people and experts are still discussing its effectiveness, worthiness and effect on humanity. Human cloning, also known as human genetic engineering, can be divided into two main types, which are therapeutic cloning, growing cloned tissue from individual, and reproductive cloning, genetically identical copy of an individual. Human cloning have drawn people’s attention because people are become more concerned about health problems andRead MoreEthics And The New Genetics1428 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancements of technology the ideology of cloning has now become a reality. The increasing use of science today is slowly leading to the development of cloning and genetic selection. By altering the genetic make-up of a being, scientists have brought about several questions on how the population would adjust to the â€Å"super-beings,† and what benefits and consequences both human and non-humans would gain with their creations? Authors Francis Fukuyama, who wrote â€Å"Human Dignity,† and The Dalai Lama, writerRead MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay example1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethics of Cloning On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientists produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions on the morality of cloning. Within days, the public had called for ethics inquires and new laws banning cloning. Issues are now raised over the potentially destructive side of this scientific frontier. Many people are morally opposed to the possible consequences of women being able to give birth to themselves, or scientistsRead MoreThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himself and his creation. Both cloning and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead MoreThe Benefits of Cloning Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages of Cloning The first successfully cloned mammal was created on February of 1997. It was a breakthrough in scientific research when the Scottish scientists cloned a sheep by the name of Dolly. The method of cloning requires the extraction of DNA from anywhere on a subjects body and inserting that DNA into a womans egg. Worldwide attention was turned to the prospect of human cloning and with a push for sweeping prohibition (Tribe 459) legislatures around the world banned anyRead MoreHuman Cloning Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesa future where humans are manufactured, a future where humans are created by science, a future where humans are the new lab specimen. Human cloning is like opening Pandoras Box, unleashing a torrent of potential evils but at the same time bringing a small seed of hope. No matter how many potential medical and scientific benefits could be made possible by human cloning, it is unethical to clone humans. Before the ethics of human cloning can be discussed, the mechanics of cloning must be understoodRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreThe Ethics Of Cloning894 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponentsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning890 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponents argue thatRead MoreCloning Is Not Without Opposition1278 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is a vital technology that humanity should strive to perfect, despite the many obstacles it currently faces in development and application. Approximately 100 species become extinct a day. Among them are flora and fauna that could hold the cures for cancer, HIV, or any other disease. Cloning technology could preserve and restore these vitally important animals. As of now, the technology is far from usable. Most experiments have resulted in th e death of the cloned embryo. However, a few have

Audience to This Act in David Tennant´s Hamlet - 1244 Words

Everyone knows the story of Hamlet: Hamlet’s father is killed, Hamlet’s mother marries the evil Uncle, everyone thinks Hamlet has gone mad, and almost everyone dies at the end. In David Tennant’s version of Hamlet, the use of the characters’ physical antics, interactions with each other, the stark similarities between the characters, and the way they dress, changes how the audience interprets each character’s actions and contribution to the play as a whole, which then determines how successful this version of Hamlet is. The physical antics displayed by Hamlet and Ophelia are seen throughout the play, which portray these characters as childlike and emotionally unstable. The antics displayed by Hamlet give us a better view of his true†¦show more content†¦Based off of these changes that we see in Hamlet, we can assume that besides how he acts, the way he dresses also gives us a clue as to what is going on inside his head. We meet Ophelia, who is also nicely dressed, with her hair coiffed, her shirt has no wrinkles in it, and she seems like she has her wits about her (Act 1, scene iii). Her brother Laertes is warning her of Hamlet, to be aware that what he says may not be the entire truth. Ophelia also changes in her way of dressing, which was most prevalent when she sang about her father’s death and how much she missed him (Act 4, scene v), but during the song, she started undressing herself in front of Claudius and Gertrude, and her hair was messed up, which was not normal for Ophelia . Based off of the change we see in Ophelia’s way of dressing, we can assume that her father’s death really damaged her composure and peace of mind, like Hamlet and his learning of the cause for his father’s death. Ophelia’s role in Hamlet is a very tragic one, because in all honesty, she was one of the most innocent characters of them all. She loved her father dearly, but he was taken away from her by complete accident. As Ophelia’s story progressed, her composure slowly started slipping away from her when she sang to Gertrude and Claudius about her father’s death and starts taking off her clothes (Act 4, scene v). WhenShow MoreRelatedHamlet, The Prince Of Denmark1891 Words   |  8 Pages Hamlet is one of William Shakespeare s most iconic plays about a tragedy. The play begins with Hamlet mourning the death of his father and ends with a hefty amount of corpses. The cause of the multiple deaths may be from Hamlet s decisions that formed from questioning that which is unknown to him. Throughout the Shakespearean play, Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, as well as the audience, are placed in a constant state of uncertainty.While Hamlet grieves his father s death many things start to

Effects of Floods on Psychology †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Floods on Psychology. Answer: Introduction Human psychology responds significantly to any external effect; whether negative or positive. However, the psychological response depends on the person, although there some interactions where different people react similarly. The mode of reaction an individuals psychology generates depends whether one feels happy or disturbed. In this manner, the level of happiness and anger will vary significantly depending on the intensity of the external effect among other factors such as the pre-state of the victims psychology. Some other confounders might be the environment, which constitutes of people and material stuff. Also, quality of life for an individual might determine the intensity of effect an individual will endure (Zanna, 2005). In this paper, floods are used a predictor to the psychological score change of the victims. Some other possible predictors and confounders are included in the dataset to determine whether they are significantly related to change in psychological score. The variables include age, place of residence, the impact of the floods, the health state of the floods, the environmental state, social support family function and a dummy variable on whether a victim lives alone or not. These variables will be used to answer the research questions using the relevant statistical methods. The main objective of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in psychological score change before and after floods. The change in psychological score will also be compared among the possible confounders such as age, gender and level of impact. A regression model will be developed to determine the best fit in predicting the pre-psychological score. Table 1: Descriptive statistics Variable Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Age in years 41 19 60 33.68 9.039 Physical health domain (pre flood) 12.57 7.43 20.00 16.0209 1.99373 Environment domain (pre flood) 13.50 6.50 20.00 14.1527 2.22958 Social support scale (pre flood) 29 16 45 32.90 7.141 Family functioning scale (pre flood) 22 12 34 22.97 3.737 Psychological domain (pre flood) 12.00 8.00 20.00 14.8538 1.88409 Psychological domain (post flood) 12.67 7.33 20.00 14.7275 2.00587 The average age for the participants of the study is 33.68 with a standard deviation of 9 years. Before the floods, the physical health status had a mean of 16.02 with a standard deviation of 1.99. The environmental domain before the floods had an average score of 14.1527 with a standard deviation of 2.229. There is an approximately normal distribution of the social support scale because the average value is between the maximum and minimum values. The family functioning score is slightly lower than the social support. This indicates that the participants psychological states might be much contributed by social support than family functionality. Based on the average statistics, there is no much difference between the pre-flood and post-flood psychological scores. Table 2: Place of residence Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent Urban 128 70.3 70.3 Regional 54 29.7 100.0 Total 182 100.0 70.33% of the study participants live in urban while 29.57% in regional areas. Table 3: Is the participant living alone? Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent No 171 94.5 94.5 Yes 10 5.5 100.0 Total 181 100.0 94.48% of the respondents do not live alone in their places of residence. Therefore, this variable might be a very good predictor of the psychological score. Table 4: Impact of the floods for you in terms of the property you were living in Category Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid no impact 37 20.3 31.1 31.1 minor impact 31 17.0 26.1 57.1 moderate/major impact 51 28.0 42.9 100.0 Total 119 65.4 100.0 Missing 99 63 34.6 Total 182 100.0 63 (34.6%) entries of the impacts of floods were missing the dataset. The analysis will only use the valid entries. Table 4 shows that 42.86% of the participants had moderate/major flood impacts, 26.0.5% with minor impacts and 31.09% of the respondents reported to have been not affected by the floods. Discussion Research Questions Table 5: Cross tabulation between living alone and pre-flood score below 15 Living alone? Total No Yes pre-flood score below 15 above 15 86 4 90 below 15 84 6 90 Total 170 10 180 Table 6: Chi-square tests Value Degrees of freedom Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square .424a 1 .515 Likelihood Ratio .426 1 .514 Fisher's Exact Test .747 .373 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.00. b. Computed only for a 2x2 table We will use the Fisher's exact test because one cell in the contingency table has count below 5. Therefore, we conclude that there is no association between pre-flood score below 15 and an individual living alone. Are age, social support score and family functioning score predictors of pre-flood psychological score? Table 7: Initial Model summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .358a .128 .113 1.74759 a. Predictors: (Constant), Family functioning scale (pre-flood), Age in years, Social support scale (pre-flood) 11.3% of the variation in pre-flood psychological score is explained by family functioning scale before the flood, age and social support scale before the floods. Table 8: Model's ANOVA Model Sum of Squares Degrees of freedom Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 77.374 3 25.791 8.445 .000 Residual 525.301 172 3.054 Total 602.675 175 The p-value for the ANOVA test is below the significance level, hence concluding that the model is statistically significant (Weinberg Abramowitz, 2008). Table 9: Model coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B B Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound (Constant) 14.355 1.307 .000 11.774 16.936 Age in years -.010 .015 .501 -.039 .019 Social support scale (pre flood) .075 .019 .000 .036 .113 Family functioning scale (pre flood) -.071 .037 .055 -.144 .002 Social support scale is the only significant variable in the model with a p-value less than 0.001. Second model Table 10: Second model summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .360a .130 .109 1.75147 a. Predictors: (Constant), Place of residence, Family functioning scale (pre-flood), Age in years, Social support scale (pre-flood) Including place of residence in the model reduces the Adjusted R Square value from 11.3% to 10.9%. This reduces the significance of the model. Place of residence turns out to be insignificant in the second model. Therefore, the only significant variable is social support scale (Draper, 2014). The minimum model Table 11: The minimum model summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .319a .102 .097 1.79826 a. Predictors: (Constant), Social support scale (pre-flood) b. Dependent Variable: Psychological domain (pre-flood) Social support scale explains 9.7% of the variation in the pre-flood psychological domain. Table 12: The minimum model coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B B Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 (Constant) 12.060 .635 18.981 .000 10.806 13.314 Social support scale (pre flood) .085 .019 4.484 .000 .047 .122 Predicting a male with a social support scale of 40. Is there a difference in the post psychological score between men according to the level of the impact of floods Table 13: One way ANOVA test Psychological domain (post flood) Sum of Squares Degrees of freedom Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 44.101 2 22.050 6.001 .003 Within Groups 415.229 113 3.675 Total 459.330 115 The p-value for the one way ANOVA test is less than 0.05, hence concluding that there is a difference in means of post-flood psychological domain between different levels of flood impacts (Zhang, 2013). Table 14: Post-hoc test using LSD method (I) Impact of the floods for you in terms of the property you were living in (J) Impact of the floods for you in terms of the property you were living in Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. no impact minor impact .13943 .47694 .771 moderate/major impact 1.30217* .42076 .002 minor impact no impact -.13943 .47694 .771 moderate/major impact 1.16275* .44106 .010 moderate/major impact no impact -1.30217* .42076 .002 minor impact -1.16275* .44106 .010 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level The post-flood psychological score averages of no impact and moderate or major impact groups are significantly different. Also, minor and moderate/major impact groups have a significantly different mean value of post-flood psychological scores (Roberts Russo, 2014). Is the mean change in psychological score change between pre and post-flood the same for men who experienced no/limited impacts compared to those who experienced moderate/major impacts The Levenes test p-value is less than 0.05, hence concluding that the variances of psychological differences are not equal between the two groups. Table 16: Independent test of equality of means t-test for Equality of Means t Degree of Freedom Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Psychological score difference between pre and post floods 3.882 110.937 .000 1.43526 .36968 .70270 2.16782 According to table 16, we conclude that the difference in means of psychological differences between men who experienced no/minor impacts compared to those who experienced moderate/major flood impacts is significant (Weinberg Abramowitz, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, we can state that the there is no sufficient information to detect an association between living alone or otherwise and having pre-flood psychological score below 15 or above. Social support scale for the men participants emerged as a significant predictor of pre-flood psychological score. A statistically significant difference in post-flood psychological score was detected between no impact and moderate/major flood impact groups. Also, minor and moderate/major flood impacts groups were found to have significantly different means of post-flood psychological score. Finally, a significant difference in means of the psychological difference between those who experienced no or minor impacts compared to those who experienced moderate/major flood impacts were detected. References Draper, N. (2014). Applied Regression Analysis. Wiley-Interscience. Roberts, M., Russo, R. (2014). A student's guide to analysis of variance (3rd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. Weinberg, S., Abramowitz, S. (2008). Statistics using SPSS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Zanna, M. (2005). Advances in experimental social psychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Zhang, J. (2013). Tests of Linear Hypotheses in the ANOVA under Heteroscedasticity. International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability, 1(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v1i2.908

William Faulkner Literature Giant Essays - William Faulkner

William Faulkner: Literature Giant William Faulkner: Literature Giant ?The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner was a giant? (?Faulkner,? American 101). The background and early years of Faulkner's life sets the stage for his outstanding success in literature. He is unique in his works due to the various types and styles of literature including: ?A Rose for Emily.? These various forms of work landed Faulkner outstanding awards and honors. As an American giant, Faulkner's novels have been recognized as among the greatest novels ever written by an American (?Faulkner,? American 101). William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897 to Murry Cuthbert and Maud Butler Faulkner. He was born into a genteel Southern family in New Albany, Mississippi. ?An indifferent student, he dropped out of high school in 1915 to work as a clerk in his grandfather's bank, began writing poetry, and submitted drawings to the University of Mississippi's yearbook? (?William,? Discovering 1). When World War I began, Faulkner enlisted in the Royal Air Force in Canada; he never saw action. Following the war he returned to Mississippi and briefly attended the University of Mississippi. Later, in 1925, he moved to New Orleans where he met Sherwood Anderson, who encouraged his development and helped secure his first novel (?William,? Masterplots 1). Over the next few years, Faulkner wrote reviews, poems, and prose pieces for ?The Mississippian? and worked several odd jobs. At the recommendation of Stark Young, a novelist in Oxford, in 1921 Faulkner took a job in New York City as an assistant in a bookstore managed by Elizabeth Prall, who later became the wife of Sherwood Anderson. Faulkner's most notorious job during this time was the position as a postmaster in the university post office from the spring of 1922 to October 31, 1924. By all accounts, he was a terrible postmaster, spending much of his time misplacing or losing mail, and failing to serve customers. When a postal inspector came to investigate, Faulkner agreed to resign. During this time, he also served as a scoutmaster for the Oxford Boy Scout troop, but he was asked to resign for ?moral reasons? (probably drinking) (Thompson 4-5). William Faulkner is considered by many readers to have been America's greatest modern writer (?William,? Masterplots 1). He was always the artist, always concerned to provide a work of the imagination (?Faulkner,? American 103). ?His fiction satisfies the critical demands that writing be inventive and invigorating, as ready to release the imagination as it is to channel it? (?William,? Masterplots 2). Faulkner had humor, often ironic and bitter, in the series of dramas and tragedies he wrote about the Old South (Thompson 5). The sheer bulk of his life-work was impressive. Faulkner's publications include approximately fifty poems, ninety short stories, seventeen novels, and a three-act drama which was produced on Broadway (Thompson 5). In, 1930, starting with ?A Rose for Emily,? William Faulkner began publishing short stories in national magazines. In the short story ?A Rose for Emily,? Faulkner writes about an old woman named Emily Grierson who owes the government taxes. One day, Emi ly receives a formal letter asking her to call the sheriff's office, but Emily does not reply to the letter. Then, the mayor and the aldermen go to Emily's house asking her to pay her taxes. Emily repeatedly says, ?See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson.? The gentlemen finally leave. Two years later, the major receives a call from Emily's neighbors complaining about an odor that is coming from her house. So the next night, four men cross Emily's lawn and sprinkle lime in her house. After a week or two the smell disappears. Years after Emily's father's death, she meets a construction worker named Homer Barron. Emily wants to marry Homer, but marriage is not what Homer wants. One Sunday afternoon Emily goes to the pharmacy and asks for some poison. ?I want arsenic,? she said. The pharmacist assumes that the poison was for rats. A few days later, Homer leaves town, and Emily sends her negro out to find him. Three days later Homer is back and the front door to Emily's house remains closed all

Customer Relationship Marketing Essays - Marketing, Free Essays

Customer Relationship Marketing Essays - Marketing, Free Essays Customer Relationship Marketing Literature Review The Evolving Sales and Marketing Landscape Marketing and business development professionals are confronting a rapidly different and changing business landscape. The traditional business model that was once the standard is now being transformed due to technology drivers that make advanced marketing and sales capabilities possible. The business model of yesterday supported mass marketing, mass production, and standardized cookie-cutter products and services. Enterprises will have fall behind the competition if they continue to rely and operate on this substandard model. Today, companies are re-engineering their operations and investing in enhanced IT infrastructures, which enable them to provide customized, personalized, information-rich products and services. The new objective for marketers and business developers involves understanding the needs of their clients and the markets that they serve. This new focus on providing customer value is redefining business processes. Professionals, who understand and anticipate this shift, are positioning themselves ahead of the competition. The Impact of Technology Enabled Business Processes There is no denying the effect that technology has had on the way we conduct business. In recent years, technology has begun to play a significantly larger role in all aspects of business, including sales and marketing. Business processes must be re-engineered to incorporate a pro-active strategy for using information and IT to build a competitive advantage over other organizations. In many instances, the functionality provided by sales and marketing technology only automates current processes. Therefore, it is imperative that processes are clearly defined and well proven. Automating a poorly understood or followed process usually results in failure. Technology must be used as an enabler to support an already sound sales and marketing strategy. Beyond automating sales and marketing capabilities, technology is now designed to provide professionals with a wealth of information about their companys clients and the markets that they serve. Companies are now able to collect data about their customers that when analyzed and utilized properly, can result in a competitive advantage. Online shopping is a prime example. If a customer makes a purchase, then the transaction is completed and revenue is generated. However, if a sales transaction is not made, the company still collects the shoppers behavioral data and stores it in a marketing database. The company then has the opportunity to segment and analyze this data in order to learn more about that particular customer shopping habits. An analysis can then be performed to determine why this person did not make a purchase as well as what can be done differently to persuade this person to buy their product. The company can now position the four Ps of marketing: product, price, promotion, and place to better serve this customer. This process the company has taken unlitmately succeeds in developing a relationship with the customer. The company now knows more about what the customers preferences are and how to offer them. Consequently, the customer has a vested interest in the relationship as well, and is more likely to conduct business with that company in the future. The Shift to Relationship Marketing Though many of today's marketing practices have evolved due to increasing technology, the marketing environment still centers around the four Ps of marketing described above. However, in order to remain competitive, companies must create a unique set of those four Ps which appeal to each individual customer and sets them apart from their competitors. Target marketing is no longer an efficient use of marketing efforts because a great deal of

Why Fahrenheit 451 Will Always Be Terrifying

Why Fahrenheit 451 Will Always Be Terrifying There’s a reason dystopian science fiction is evergreen- no matter how much time goes by, people will always regard the future with suspicion. The common wisdom is that the past was pretty good, the present is barely tolerable, but the future will be all Terminator-style robots and Idiocracy slides into chaos. Every few years political cycles cause an uptick in attention being paid to classic dystopias; the 2016 Presidential election pushed George Orwell’s classic 1984 back onto the bestseller lists, and made Hulu’s adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale a depressingly appropriate viewing event. The trend continues; HBO announced a film adaptation of Ray Bradbury’s classic 1953 science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451. If it seems surprising that a book published more than six decades ago might still be terrifying for modern audiences, you probably just haven’t read the novel recently. Fahrenheit 451 is one of those rare sci-fi novels that ages wonderfully- and remains just as terrifying today as it did in the middle of the 20th century, for a variety of reasons. More Than Books If you’ve been alive for more than a few years, odds are you know the basic logline of Fahrenheit 451: In the future, houses are largely fireproof and firemen have been re-purposed as enforcers of laws that prohibit the ownership and reading of books; they burn the homes and possessions (and books, natch) of anyone caught with contraband literature. The main character, Montag, is a fireman who begins to look at the illiterate, entertainment-obsessed, and shallow society he lives in with suspicion, and begins stealing books from the homes he burns. This is often boiled down to a slim metaphor on book-burning- which is a thing that still happens- or a slightly more subtle hot-take on censorship, which by itself makes the book evergreen. After all, people are still fighting to have books banned from schools for a variety of reasons, and even Fahrenheit 451 was bowdlerized by its publisher for decades, with a â€Å"school version† in circulation that removed the profanity and changed several concepts to less alarming forms (Bradbury discovered this practice and made such a stink the publisher re-issued the original in the 1980s). But the key to appreciating the terrifying nature of the book is that it isn’t just about books. Focusing on the books aspect allows people to dismiss the story as a book nerd’s nightmare, when the reality is that what Bradbury was really writing about is the effect he saw mass media like television, film, and other media (including some he couldn’t have predicted) would have on the populace: Shortening attention spans, training us to seek constant thrills and instant gratification- resulting in a populace that lost not just its interest in seeking the truth, but its ability to do so. Fake News In this new age of â€Å"fake news† and Internet conspiracy, Fahrenheit 451 is more chilling than ever because what we’re seeing is possibly Bradbury’s terrifying vision of the future playing out- just more slowly than he imagined. In the novel, Bradbury has the main antagonist, Captain Beatty, explain the sequence of events: Television and sports shortened attention spans, and books began to be abridged and truncated in order to accommodate those shorter attention spans. At the same time, small groups of people complained about language and concepts in books that were now offensive, and the firemen were assigned to destroy books in order to protect people from concepts they would be troubled by. Things are certainly nowhere near that bad right now- and yet, the seeds are clearly there. Attention spans are shorter. Abridged and bowdlerized versions of novels do exist. Film and television editing has become incredibly fast-paced, and video games have arguably had an effect on plot and pacing in stories in the sense that many of us need stories to be constantly exciting and thrilling in order to keep our attention, while slower, more thoughtful stories seem boring. The Whole Point And that’s the reason Fahrenheit 451 is terrifying, and will remain terrifying for the foreseeable future despite its age: Fundamentally, the story is about a society that voluntarily and even eagerly abets its own destruction. When Montag tries to confront his wife and friends with thoughtful discussion, when he tries to turn off the TV programs and make them think, they become angry and confused, and Montag realizes that they are beyond help- they don’t want to think and understand. They prefer to live in a bubble. Book-burning began when people chose not to be challenged by thoughts they didn’t find comforting, thoughts that challenged their preconceptions. We can see those bubbles everywhere around us today, and we all know people who only get their information from limited sources that largely confirm what they already think. Attempts to ban or censor books still get robust challenges and resistance, but on social media you can witness people’s hostile reactions to stories they don’t like, you can see how people create narrow â€Å"silos† of information to protect themselves from anything scary or unsettling, how people are often even proud of how little they read and how little they know beyond their own experience. Which means that the seeds of Fahrenheit 451 are already here. That doesn’t mean it will come to pass, of course- but that’s why it’s a frightening book. It goes far beyond the gonzo concept of firemen burning books to destroy knowledge- it’s a succinct and frighteningly accurate analysis of precisely how our society could collapse without a single shot being fired, and a dark mirror of our modern age where unchallenging entertainment is available to us at all times, on devices we carry with us at all times, ready and waiting to drown out any input we don’t want to hear. HBO’s adaptation of Fahrenheit 451 doesn’t have an air date yet, but it’s still the perfect time to re-introduce yourself to the novel- or to read it for the first time. Because it’s always a perfect time to read this book, which is one of the most frightening things you could possibly say.

Numerical Understanding in Preschool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Numerical Understanding in Preschool - Essay Example It is not a far-fetched idea that preschool education effects the learning abilities and acumen of children up to the levels of elementary, middle, and even high school (Siegler, 2009). It is supported by scientific research, as will be stipulated later in the paper. However, it is quite understandable why this notion might be correct. Children develop learning habits quite early in their development and tend to carry those habits throughout life (Siegler, 2009). Their understanding of simple mathematical tasks, as an example, as developed in the early years, effects their understanding of complex calculation later on. These simple tasks, which should ideally be developed in preschool, include numeral identification, magnitude comparison, counting, and numeral line estimation (Siegler, 2009). Since the case under discussion focuses on preschools where the majority of the students come from low-income families, another angle which should be discussed is the lack of development of math ematical skills of these children as compared to their counterparts from middle-income families, who develop relatively higher levels of mathematical skills (Siegler, 2009). The reasons for this could be the exposure of children to mathematical tasks, as is often related to the counting of bills, or the hearing of talk related to monetary calculations (Siegler, 2009). The middle-class children, being more exposed to such situations, develop a better numerical sense and understanding as compared to children from low-income families, thereby putting them at an advantage (Siegler, 2009).

Letter of recommendation for pharmacy residency program Essay

Letter of recommendation for pharmacy residency program - Essay Example She consistently performs her duties with a high degree of competency and often goes the extra mile, doing more than expected. she always puts her clients best interests above everything else. She values their health concerns so much that she does not hesitate to contact their physician’s office and insurance company in order to find cheaper alternative medicines for customers who could not afford certain medications. She genuinely cares for her patients wellness and takes the extra time and effort to ensure that the patients receive the treatments that they actually need. Claire’s clinical knowledge and communication skills are excellent. She consistently provides knowledgeable counseling to her patients, effectively answering their questions regarding prescription and non-prescription medications. She does not hesitate to contact the physician’s office to clarify questions about prescriptions, communicating effectively with them in order to get the problem identified in order to come up with possible solutions, proving that she has excellent problem solving skills. Claire works well under pressure and knows how to manage her time well. She is a master multitasker who can promptly process prescriptions and help customers. Even during our peak hours at the pharmacy, she manages to remain calm and always has a ready smile for the patients in life. She always meets our customers needs and provdes excellent customer service. Many customers have appreciated her helpfulness and have commended her by writing to me in my capacity as her supervisor in order to commend her commitment to her duties and responsibilities. Compared to her peers and numerous other interns that I have encountered, she has been the best of the lot. Claire has always been a hard working, fast learner, and a mature individual. She genuinely cares for the patients and takes her responsibilities seriously. She has excellent work ethics and always brings a positive attitude to the

The Pearl Manuscript and medieval visionaries Essay Example for Free

The Pearl Manuscript and medieval visionaries Essay Pearl texts and their surviving manuscripts are the rich heritage property of Middle English poetry. When a war is won, mention of important soldiers and Generals who contributed to the success of the war, if often mentioned and recorded. Similar is the case about the literature. The scholars who read, analyze, interpret and offer their criticism on ancient classics are often remembered by the .literary enthusiasts. So when one talks about the Pearl Manuscript, one remembers Sir Israel Gollancz. His views containing Pearl, Cleanness, Gawain and the Green Knight and Patience are original and noteworthy . His views have contributed much to shape the modern critical perspectives of this great text. The highlight of the poems of the Pearl Manuscripts is the   timeless appeal and the   inherent capacity to reach the inner realms of the human being with their latent   spiritual strength. What makes Gollancz’s editorial achievement exclusive? It is so, because it is comprehensive and well-researched.   Gollancz has taken into account all the important aspects of the Pearl Manuscript. His facsimile was reprinted three times since 1923, was reissued in 1971.For the later scholars Gollancz was the inspiration and the base. The audience for these poems is of two categories. The scholars engaged in study and further research on them, and the lay readers. Both owe a debt of gratitude for the enthusiasm and dedication with which Gollancz worked on Pearl Manuscripts. He kindled the interest of both categories in profound riches of the medieval English verse, for the period 1891 to 1940.But for Gollancz’s dedication, the task of going through the Pearl Manuscript in facsimile, would have been difficult. The original version of the Pearl texts and the authentic details of their codex are available at the Manuscript Room of the British Library. The other route to get it is costly and time-consuming—order copies of individual leaves from the Library’s Photographic Reproductions Office. â€Å"For these major achievements and for the many smaller contributions he made to resolving specific textual problems which vexed scholars of the Pearl poems, I believe the name of Sir Israel Gollancz must be placed alongside those of Sir Frederick Madden and Richard Morris on the list of founders of modern scholarship on the Pearl Manuscripts poems.†(Reichardt†¦) Some examples of the poems are: â€Å"Hope 3e à ¾at He heres not à ¾at eres alle made? Hit may not be à ¾at He is blynde à ¾at bigged vche y3e. (Patience, 123-24)1† (Reichardt..) The narrator of Patience recalls the Psalmist’s words: no one can escape the omniscience of God. Presently, this omniscience of God is related to the faculties of sight and hearing. You can not run away from the realities of life. You have to suffer or enjoy the consequences of your evil or good actions. There is no escape from it because you don’t have a secure place of escape away from the vision of God. Not even a leaf oscillates without His wish. The Creator sees all and hears all. The relationship between man and God is undeniable. All types of manifestations in the world are as per the will and command of God. Wherever we are and whatever we may do, our prime concern should be to exemplify and demonstrate the validity of the power of the Supreme Being. It is no use getting intoxicated by the intellectual achievements disregarding the reality of the Cosmic Supreme. â€Å"BÄ•rÄ «th is the Hebrew word which, in the Old Testament, is applied to ‘the three great covenants established by God at the three critical stages of the history of mankind: the creation, the reestablishment of mankind after the flood, and the birth of the Hebrew nation.’5 The centrality of covenant to the poems in this manuscript is manifest in the inclusion of the stories of both Noah and Abraham in Cleanness.†(www.marginalia) What is a fully imagined devotional response? It is the beginning of the search within.   Action without the motivated desire is possible through the sensory organs as seen in Pearl when the Dreamer approaches Christ. This means God can not be searched in the world outside. He can be realized in the innermost chambers of our heart and that too through a specific procedure. God is not sitting in the sky granting rewards and punishments. â€Å"Delyt me drof in y3e and ere, My manez mynde to maddyng malte; Quen I se3 my frely, I wolde be à ¾ere, By3onde à ¾e water à ¾a3 ho were walte. (Pearl, 1153-56)†(Reichrdt..) Wise people say that a poet sees what the sun can not see! This statement highlights the strength of the power of the narrative imagery. The images created by the poet are as powerful as those seen with the eye, if not more. Spoken words can provide you with some understanding but they can not reveal the truth. The truth can only be experienced, through the inner eye. If one wishes to see and know God, one has to perceive the eternal Divinity within one’s true Self. For that the precondition is to ignite a passionate and inextinguishable thirst to see, know, and realize our eternal Father. Since the dawn of the Creation, the procedure to know God has been one and the same. One’s own inner self is the eternal witness to one’s actions. There is no escape from this position under any circumstances. To watch means to participate. This condition is also in tune with the legal process. A covenant would not be valid without the witness, which ipso facto means that the witness has the perfect understanding of the contract. The witness has truly educated himself as to the true implications of the action. The word education is derived from the root â€Å"edu†, which means to draw out. So what is to be drawn out? It is one’s inherently blocked flow of latent potential including wisdom and creativity that needs to be squeezed out. Here one can understand what Mass implies. It is the enactment of both the spiritual and legal aspects of the covenant. The bread and wine symbolize the body and blood of Christ. In the Sacrifice of the Mass the priest takes recourse to dual actions-affirmative and destructive. A comparison can be drawn here, between the positive and negative tendencies of an individual. He re-enacts Christ’s breaking of the bread at the Last Supper and his immolation in the Passion. The question is how to beat the negative tendencies and how to draw out the celestial flow of dormant potential in every individual. For that, the need is to dig a tunnel right up to one’s core personality. Such a tunneling effect is the outcome of establishing unity between all one’s personality layers while harmonizing each one of them with one’s core personality called Pure Consciousness or Soul, which is the actual reservoir of one’s total potential.  Ã‚   The sum and substance of the Pearl Manuscript is to know and understand one’s inner world, which is the fountainhead of bliss, the communion with it paves the way for eternal happiness. Happiness and melancholy are the outcomes of one’s own positive and negative thoughts respectively. A spiritual flight is an ecstatic transcendental experience carried out by one’s soul. It involves the intermingling of one’s Soul with All-pervading eternal Consciousness. The deeper the Soul delves into the Infinite ocean of Universal Consciousness, the more it gets embellished with the spiritual pearls. This mystical transcendental experience is inexplicable, as it beyond all words, known languages and varied expressions. This is hurdle faced by greatest of the great poets. At this point, the power of poet’s imagery becomes powerless. For, this state can neither be defined nor confined and hence is inexpressible in terms of words and expressions. The best way to know it is through Self-Realization. Such a state is described by Poet Wordsworth in his poem ‘Daffodils’ as â€Å"the bliss of solitude.† Confessio Amantis (The Lover’s Confession) is a Middle-English poem by John Gower. It uses the confession made by an old lover to the Chaplin of Venus. The 33,000 lines poem is one of the great works of late 14th century English literature. The poet was an eminent writer, and belonged to a wealthy family. The contents of the poem again relate to vices and virtues, the sinner and the sinned, the different grades in the society, how the sinner can return to God, how he can obtain pardon by Jesus Christ, and his mother, the glorious Virgin. Probably it was written about 1376-1379.Confessio Amantis is addressed to King Henry IV. The subject dealt with has been called â€Å"In Praise of Peace.† In the conversation between the confessor and the penitent, seven deadly sins are discussed, by tales borrowed from other notable works, including the Bible. The transition from earthly love to higher plane of love is also elucidated. John Gower is no ordinary writer and â€Å"Confession Amantis, is by no means slender, and in some respects will stand comparison with Chaucers admittedly great gifts as a narrator.†(Catholic Encyclopedia) Conclusion The medieval poems have a charm of their own. That was the time the humanity was not affected by materialism, industrial and internet revolution. Rule of the heart prevailed, over the rule of the reason. The Kings and Queens dominated the political scene. Romanticism was part of the life of men in the high society. God and spirituality influenced every segment of the society and every aspect of human life. Human being feared the divine powers and prayed for peace and welfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚            References Cited: Andrew, Malcolm, Waldron, Ronand; Book: Poems Of The Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience Gawain and the Green Knight (UEP Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies) Paperback: 380 pages Publisher: University of Exeter Press; 3 edition (January 1, 2002) Language: English ISBN-10: 0859897265 ISBN-13: 978-0859897266 Reichardt, Paul F. Sir Israel Gollancz and the editorial history of the Pearl findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3708/is_199504/ai_n8729842/pg_11 33k Cached Similar pages, Retrieved on May 2, 2008 Reading and Believing: Covenant in the Poems of the Pearl Manuscript Gower’s words.. www.marginalia.co.uk/journal/06cambridge/bates.php 37k Cached Similar pages,Retrieved on My 2,2008. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Gower The Confession Amantis was translated into Portuguese by Robert Payn.. www.newadvent.org/cathen/06685a.htm 30k Cached Similar pages   Retrieved on May 2, 2008

Let Gays Marry and Leave Marriage Alone Essay -- Andrew Sullivan Willi

I will summarize some of the key points from the essay, Let Gays Marry, by Andrew Sullivan, and the essay, Leave Marriage Alone, by William Bennett. Some of these main points are taken from mutual beliefs of both authors and others are derived from the opposing opinions of the two. The first summary of Andrew Sullivan’s essay is a reflection of Andrew Sullivan’s stance of the issue. The original essay was in favor of allowing same sex marriage in America. My summary will dictate some of the arguments that I found to be the most persuasive and important to Sullivan’s case. The second summary is of Bennett’s essay, Leave Marriage Alone. I will, again, try to point out the most influential pieces of argument in the essay. Finally, I hope to synthesize these two essays, and expose some of the similarities and arguments between the two. In the synthesis, I hope to provide an incite into some of the basic ideals presented from both sides of the issue. Andrew Sullivan states his thesis in the first paragraph of his essay entitled, Let Gays Marry. â€Å"They are citizens, entitled, like everyone else, to equal protection -no special rights, but simple equality†(25). Sullivan is referring to a supreme court declaration, stating that homosexuals are no longer separate from the general public in America. The decision states that gay and lesbian couples have the same rights as every other American citizen. With the new openness to the gay and lesbian lifestyle, there is no longer a need for homosexuals to feel like a separate entity from society. Based on this idea, advocates of gay and lesbian marriage are campaigning towards the right of same sex unions, recognized by law. Andrew Sullivan argues that many homosexuals... ...des of this argument. Bennett and Sullivan both face the same fears and obstacles in their beliefs. Allowing same sex couples to marry would broaden the definition of marriage, and aid in the gaining of equality for the homosexual community in America. They are both in opposition to each other, but they both agree that America is a diverse and tolerant nation. Neither of them deny that in America everyone has rights and there exist certain, respected, and revered institutions. Bennett and Sullivan are concerned with the result of giving up a traditional way of looking at such an institution as marriage, against the right to this institution for every person in America. Works Cited Let Gays Marry, by Andrew Sullivan http://faculty.mc3.edu/barmstro/sullivan.html Leave Marriage Alone, by William Bennett http://faculty.mc3.edu/barmstro/sullivan.html

Physics Exam

1. A football field is 120 yd long and 50 yd wide. What is the area of the football field, in m2, if 1 yd = 91. 44 cm? (Points : 5)     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]5. 0 x 103  m2 [pic]2. 4 x 103  m2 [pic]4. 2 x 103  m2 [pic]3. 7 x 103  m2 | | |2. Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the displacement and the distance| |traveled. (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. | |3. A bullet moving horizontally to the right (+x direction) with a speed of 500 m/s strikes a sandbag and penetrates a distance | |of 10. 0 cm. What is the average acceleration, in m/s2, of the bullet? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]-1. 5 x 103 | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]-1. 25 x 106 | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]-2. 50 x 103 | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]-2. 50 x 106 | |4. An airplane increases its speed from 100 m/s to 160 m/s, at the average rate of 15 m/s2.How much time does it take for the | |complete increase in speed? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]17 s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]4. 0 s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 058 s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 25 s | |5.A bullet is fired horizontally, and at the same instant a second bullet is dropped from the same height. Ignore air | |resistance. Compare the times of fall of the two bullets. (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The fired bullet hits first. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]They hit at the same time. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]The dropped bullet hits first. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]c annot tell without knowing the masses | |6. Starting from rest, a 4. 0-kg body reaches a speed of 8. m/s in 2. 0 s. What is the net force acting on the body? (Points : 5)  | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]4. 0 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]32 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]16 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]8. 0 N | |7. A spring is characterized by a spring constant of 60 N/m. How much potential energy does it store, when stretched by 1. | |cm? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]60 J | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]600 J | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]3. 0 x 10-3  J | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 30 J | |8. A 2. 0-kg softball is pitched to you at 20 m/s.You hit the ball back along the same path, and at the same speed. If the bat | |was in contact with the ball for 0. 10 s, what is the magnitude of the average force the bat exerted? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]400 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]40 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     [pic]zero | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]800 N | 9. A wheel of diameter of 68. 0 cm slows down uniformly from 8. 40 m/s to rest over a distance of 115 m. How long does it take for | |the wheel to come to the stop? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]42. 7 s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]27. 4 s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]47. s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]24. 7 s | |10. A book weighs 6 N. When held at rest above your head the net force on the book is  (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]9. 8 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0 N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]6 N. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]-6 N. | |11. 50 cm3  of wood is floating on water, and 50 cm3  of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on | |it? Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]the iron | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]the wood | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]Both have the same buoyant force. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]canno t be determined without knowing their densities | |12. In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5. 0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm.What force | |must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]5. 0 x 103  N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]6. 7 x 103  N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]2. 2 x 103  N | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]2. 9 x 103  N | 13. A brick weighs 50. 0 N, and measures 30. 0 cm x 10. 0 cm x 4. 00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal | |surface? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]12. 5 Pa | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]1. 25 kPa | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]12. 5 kPa | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]1. 5 Pa | |14. A liquid has a specific gravity of 0. 357. What is its density? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]643 kg/m3 | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]357 kg/m3 | |à ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]3570 kg/m3 | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]1000 kg/m3 | |15.The frequency of a wave increases. What happens to the distance between successive crests if the speed remains | |constant? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]It increases. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]It decreases. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]It remains the same. | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]It cannot be determined from the information given. | |16. What is the wave speed if a wave has a frequency of 12 Hz and a wavelength of 3. 0 m? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]4. m/s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]15 m/s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]36 m/s | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]9. 0 m/s | |17. An object in simple harmonic motion obeys the following position versus time equation: y = (0. 50 m) sin (? /2 t). What is the | |amplitude of vibration? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 0 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]1. 0 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 25 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 75 m | |18. On a day when the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, a bat emits a shriek whose echo reaches it 0. 0250 s later. How far away | |was the object that reflected back the sound? Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]4. 25 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 850 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]0. 425 m | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]8. 50 m | |19. A barking dog delivers about 1 mW of power, which is assumed to be uniformly distributed in all directions.What is the | |intensity level at a distance 5. 00 m from the dog? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]68 dB | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]61 dB | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]65 dB | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]63 dB | |20. The wavelengths of the sounds produced by two horns are 6 m and 7 m respectively.What beat frequency is heard when the horns| |are sounded on a day when the velocity of sound is 340 m/s? (Points : 5)   | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]8 Hz | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]6 Hz | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]5 Hz | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic]7 Hz |

Explore the treatment of racism Essay

The writer of this story (country lovers) seemingly portrays a metamorphism of a relationship from the setting of fantasy and childish virtue, into harsh adult reality. The subject of the story is Thebedi and Paulus, two children from very different backgrounds, worlds spaced out, who build up a friendship while yet in the childhood stage of colour blindness; where friendship is based on character, rather than the colour of one’s skin or their status in the pecking order of society. Innocence seems to be the theme of the story at the beginning and through out the story. Through innocence we glimpse a world full of hatred bias prejudice, favoritism and superiority. Where one is unaware of the happenings outside the insulating bubble of childhood and innocence, two words that present an image of purity. In the early stages of their companionship, while still in the cocoon of childhood, Paulus, the son of a rich white farmer and Thebedi, the daughter of a poor black farmhand (working for Paulus’ father), interact freely without guilt or secrecy as society does not yet influence or affect their thoughts of each other, reality has not yet seeped into their world. But as they reach the beginning of adolescence they begin to comprehend the concept of the ‘separating line’, the stereotypical qualities that divide one race from the other. I think the author uses gender to initiate the ‘master, servant’ mentality. The writer, Nadine Gordimer gives Thebedi the role of a woman, which in society is considered ‘weaker’ than that of a man, Paulus. Thebedi’s character is obedient, submissive and this is where the issue of race integrates with her character. Submission is the giving of one’s self to a higher, superior being; in this case to Paulus, the white man. In this sense Thebedi as expected has to play a subtler role in their relationship as she lets Paulus dominate the whole show. Thebedi has two handicaps against her: the fact that, she’s black and the second is that she’s female. Her character is also that of a naive, trusting person, noiselessly accepting all that she is given, even though it does not please her. The dominance of Paulus character is plain as the nose on your face with the first and most important reason being the fact that he is white, the second being that he is wealthy. But despite those two characteristics Paulus seems to be a nice fellow, the kind of person who is straightforward with everything around him. Their friendship evolves from a platonic level into the advancement of them becoming lovers. However, everything is done in secrecy, as they now understand the ‘imprecision’ of their- liaison, their affections verge on unthinkable. As their relationship progresses, they become actors on two stages as the outside world begins to obstruct their relationship. They begin to vigorously take part in the contrasting worlds allocated to them, but when they are together nothing seems to have changed. Although one cannot deny the minor cracks that begin to evidently appear in their relationship. This leaves one wondering whether the racist feelings have been sown deep into their mind and like a latent volcano is waiting to burst forth, in a flourish of spectacular force. It seems that both characters seem to be living the present, from the memories of the past. Regardless from which perspective one looks at, it is indisputable that there is bound to be no equality in the relationship. As the final scene unfolds it makes one begin to consider that maybe this ‘love affair’ was destined from the beginning and was more a product of inquisitiveness than that of love. When Paulus first learns about his child, his true character emerges. We begin to see his selfishness in the statement ‘don’t take it out. Stay inside. Can’t you take it away somewhere? You must give it to someone. ‘ This shows his immaturity in his reluctance to take responsibility for his actions. This highlights two things; first, the relationship between him and Tabedi meant nothing to him, since Thabedi was black and secondly she was a female – always being placed under men. It is as if he feels like he can wash his hands off Thebedi whenever it pleases him, regardless of her feelings. However when Paulus kills his child, one can’t help but feel totally outraged. The murder of the child is like an act of erasing any traces of his and Thebedi’s union, their whole variety of ways. Also in the way most of the articles are covered mainly from Paulus’ perspective with hardly any from Thebedi’s. The judicial system seems to have also failed in the sense of the way they handled the case. We farther more uncover the widespread complexities of racism in the Media and Judicial system. In the Media we see it in the form of Thebedi’s name being spelled by variety of ways. A year went by before the same town the case was brought to trial, and a hearing date was set. This is also a stereotype, the way the judicial system is always failing the blacks, which is basically saying justice is not colour-blind. With all these obstacles stacked in front of her, why should she even begin to think that she could stand up against a white person? A feeling that is familiar with an oppressed black people. Paulus achievement is a typical one, the moral of the story being; the white always win. However I felt this story was too stereotypical and was written with favoritism towards the white, simply because it ended in a stereotypical way. It is also negative in the hidden message it seems to put across; that all unions between white and black can’t end up successful. Although I felt all these negative feelings about the story, I am quite pleased in the way Nadine Gordimer handled the stereotypes and showed the discrimination of society’s structure in South Africa at that time.

Dwight D. Eisenhower - Biography

Dwight D. Eisenhower - Biography Dwight D. Eisenhowers Childhood and Education: Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890 in Denison, Texas. However, he moved as an infant to Abilene, Kansas. He grew up in a very poor family and worked throughout his youth to earn money. He attended local public schools and graduated from high school in 1909. He joined the military in order to gain a free college education. He went to the West Point from 1911-1915. He was commissioned a second lieutenant but continued his education in the military eventually attending the Army War College. Family Ties: Eisenhowers father was David Jacob Eisenhower, a mechanic and manager. His mother was Ida Elizabeth Stover who happened to be a deeply religious pacifist. He had five brothers. He married Marie Mamie Geneva Doud on July 1, 1916. She moved many times with her husband throughout his military career. Together they had one son, John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower.   Dwight D. Eisenhowers Military Service: Upon graduation, Eisenhower was assigned to be a second lieutenant in the infantry. During World War I, he was a training instructor and commander of a training center. He attended the Army War College and then joined General MacArthurs staff. In 1935 he went to the Philippines. He served in various executive positions before the start of World War II. After the war, he resigned and became the president of Columbia University. He was appointed by Harry S  Truman to be the Supreme Commander of NATO. World War II: At the start of World War II, Eisenhower was chief of staff to Commander General Walter Krueger. He was then promoted to brigadier general in 1941. In March 1942 he became a major general. In June, he was appointed commander of all U.S. forces in Europe. He was the commander of allied forces during the invasion of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. He was then named Supreme Allied Commander in charge of the D-Day invasion. In December 1944 he was made a five-star general. Becoming the President: Eisenhower was chosen to run on the Republican ticket with Richard Nixon as his Vice President against Adlai Stevenson. Both candidates campaigned vigorously. The campaign dealt with Communism and governmental waste. However, more people voted for Ike leading to his victory with 55% of the popular vote and 442 electoral votes. He ran again in 1956 against Stevenson. One of the main issues was Eisenhowers health due to a recent heart attack. In the end he won with 57% of the vote. Events and Accomplishments of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Presidency: Eisenhower traveled to Korea before he took office to help conclude the peace talks. By July 1953, an Armistice was signed that separated Korea into two with a demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel. The Cold War was raging while Eisenhower was in office. He began building up nuclear weapons to protect America and to warn the Soviet Union that the U.S. would retaliate if fired upon. When Fidel Castro took power in Cuba and then began relations with the Soviet Union, Eisenhower placed an embargo on the country. He was concerned about the Soviet involvement in Vietnam. He came up with the Domino Theory where he said that if the Soviet Union could topple one regime (like Vietnam), it would find it easier and easier to topple further regimes. Therefore, he was the first to send advisors to the region. He also created the Eisenhower Doctrine where he asserted that America had the right to aid any country threatened by Communist aggression. In 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy who had been trying to reveal Communists in government fell from power when the Army-McCarthy hearings were televised.  Joseph N. Welch who represented the Army was able to show how out of control McCarthy had become.   In 1954, the Supreme Court decided in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 that schools should be desegregated. In 1957, Eisenhower had to send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to safeguard black students enrolling for the first time in a previously all-white school. In 1960, a Civil Rights Act was passed to include sanctions against any local officials who blocked blacks from voting. The U-2 Spy Plane Incident occurred in 1960. On May 1, 1960, a U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers was brought down near Svedlovsk, Soviet Union. This event had a lasting negative impact on U.S. - U.S.S.R. relations. The details surrounding this event are to this day still shrouded in mystery. Eisenhower, however, defended the need for reconnaissance flights as necessary for national security. Post-Presidential Period: Eisenhower retired after his second term on January 20, 1961. He moved to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and wrote his autobiography and memoirs. He died on March 28, 1969 of congestive heart failure. Historical Significance: Eisenhower was president during the 50s, a time of relative peace (despite the  Korean Conflict) and prosperity. Eisenhowers willingness to sent federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas to ensure that local schools were desegregated was an important  step in the  Civil Rights movement.

The History of Soda Pop and Carbonated Beverages

The History of Soda Pop and Carbonated Beverages The history of soda pop (also known colloquially in different regions of the United States as soda, pop, coke, soft drinks, or carbonated beverages) dates back to the 1700s. This timeline chronicles the popular drink from its creation when it was touted as a health drink to rising concerns that soda- sweetened naturally or artificially- is a contributing factor to a growing health crisis. Inventing (Un)Natural Mineral Water Strictly speaking, carbonated beverages in the form of beer and champagne have been around for centuries. Carbonated drinks that dont pack an alcoholic punch have a shorter history. By the 17th century, Parisian street vendors were selling a noncarbonated version of lemonade, and cider certainly wasnt all that hard to come by but the first drinkable man-made glass of carbonated water wasnt invented until the 1760s. Natural mineral waters have been thought to have curative powers since Roman times. Pioneering soft-drink inventors, hoping to reproduce those health-enhancing qualities in the laboratory, used chalk and acid to carbonate water. 1760s: Carbonation techniques were first developed.1789: Jacob Schweppe began selling seltzer in Geneva.1798: The term soda water was coined.1800: Benjamin Silliman produced carbonated water on a large scale.1810: The first U.S. patent was issued for the manufacture of imitation mineral water.1819: The soda fountain was patented by Samuel Fahnestock.1835: The first soda water was bottled in the U.S. Adding Flavor Sweetens the Soda Business No one knows exactly when or by whom flavorings and sweeteners were first added to seltzer but mixtures of wine and carbonated water became popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By the 1830s, flavored syrups made from berries and fruit were developed, and by 1865, a supplier was advertising different seltzers flavored with pineapple, orange, lemon, apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, grape, cherry, black cherry, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry, pear, and melon. But perhaps the most significant innovation in the realm of soda flavoring came in 1886, when J.S. Pemberton, using a combination of kola nut from Africa and cocaine from South America, created the iconic taste of Coca-Cola. 1833: The first effervescent lemonade was sold.1840s: Soda counters were added to pharmacies.1850: A manual hand-and-foot-operated filling and  corking device was first used for bottling soda water.1851: Ginger ale was created in Ireland.1861: The term pop was coined.1874: The first ice-cream soda was sold.1876: Root beer  was mass-produced for public sale for the first time.1881: The first cola-flavored beverage was introduced.1885: Charles Alderton invented Dr. Pepper in Waco, Texas.1886: Dr. John S. Pemberton created Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia.1892: William Painter invented the crown bottle cap.1898: Caleb Bradham invented Pepsi-Cola.1899: The first patent was issued for a glass blowing machine used to produce glass bottles. An Expanding Industry The soft drink industry expanded rapidly. By 1860, there were 123 plants bottling soft drink water in the United States. By 1870, there were 387, and by 1900, there were 2,763 different plants. The temperance movement in the United States and Great Britain is credited with spurring the success and popularity of carbonated beverages, which were seen as wholesome alternatives to alcohol. Pharmacies serving soft drinks were respectable, bars selling alcohol were not. 1913 Gas-motored trucks replaced horse-drawn carriages as delivery vehicles.1919: The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages was formed.1920: The U.S. Census reported the existence of more than 5,000 bottling plants.1920s: The first automatic vending machines dispensed soda into cups.1923: Six-pack soft drink cartons called Hom-Paks were created.1929: The Howdy Company debuted its new drink Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Sodas (later renamed 7up).  1934: Colored labeling makes its soft-drink-bottle debut. In the original process, the coloring was baked on the bottle.1942: The American Medical Association recommended Americans limit their intake of added sugar in diets and specifically mentioned soft drinks.1952: The first diet soft drink- a ginger ale called No-Cal Beverage produced by Kirsch- was sold. Mass Production In 1890, Coca-Cola sold 9,000 gallons of its flavored syrup. By 1904, the figure had risen to one million gallons of Coca-Cola syrup sold annually. The latter half of the 20th century saw extensive development in the production methodology for the manufacture of carbonated beverages, with particular emphasis on bottles and bottle caps. 1957: Aluminum cans for soft drinks were introduced.1959: The first diet cola was sold.1962: The pull-ring tab was invented by Alcoa. It was first marketed by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.1963: In March, the Pop Top beer can, invented by Ermal Fraze of Kettering, Ohio, was introduced by the Schlitz Brewing Company.1965: Soft drinks in cans were first dispensed from vending machines.1965: The resealable top was invented.1966: The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages was renamed the National Soft Drink Association.1970: Plastic bottles for soft drinks were introduced.1973: The PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottle was created.1974: The stay-on tab was introduced by the Falls City Brewing Company of Louisville, Kentucky.1979: Mello Yello soft drink was introduced by The Coca-Cola  Company as competition against Mountain Dew.1981: The talking vending machine  was invented. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Health and Diet Concerns Soda pops negative impact on health issues was recognized as early as 1942, however, the controversy did not hit critical proportions until the close of the 20th century. Concerns grew as links between soda consumption and conditions such as tooth decay, obesity, and diabetes were confirmed. Consumers railed against soft drink companies commercial exploitation of children. In homes and in the legislature, people began to demand change. The annual consumption of soda in the United States rose from 10.8 gallons per person in 1950 to 49.3 gallons in 2000. Today, the scientific community refers to soft drinks as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). 1994: Studies linking sugary drinks to weight gain were first reported.2004: The first connection with Type 2 diabetes and SSB consumption was published.2009: SSB Weight gain in children and adults was confirmed.2009: With a mean tax rate of 5.2 percent, 33 states implement taxes on soft drinks.2013: New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed a law prohibiting businesses from selling SSBs larger than 16 ounces. The law was rejected on appeal.2014: The relationship between SSB intake and hypertension was confirmed.2016: Seven state legislatures, eight city governments, and the Navajo Nation issue or propose laws restricting sales, imposing taxes, and/or requiring warning labels on SSBs.2019: In a study of 80,000 women released by the journal, Stroke, it was found that postmenopausal women who drink two or more artificially sweetened beverages per day (whether carbonated or not) were linked to an earlier risk of stroke, heart disease, and early death. Sources: Ax, Joseph. Bloombergs ban on big sodas is unconstitutional: appeals court. Reuters 20 July 2017. Online, downloaded 12/23/2017. Brownell, Kelly D., et al. The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. New England Journal of Medicine 361.16 (2009): 1599–605. Print.Kick the Can. Legislative Campaigns.  Kick the Can: giving the boot to sugary drinks. (2017). Online. Downloaded 23 December 2017.Popkin, B. M., V. Malik, and F. B. Hu. Beverage: Health Effects. Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016. 372–80. Print.Schneidemesser, Luanne Von. Soda or Pop? Journal of English Linguistics 24.4 (1996): 270–87. Print.Vartanian, Lenny R., Marlene B. Schwartz, and Kelly D. Brownell. Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 97.4 (2007): 667–75. Print.Wolf, A., G. A. Bray, and B. M. Popkin. A Short History of Beverages and How Our Body Treats Them. Obesity Reviews 9.2 (2008): 151–64. Print. Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, PhD; Victor Kamensky, MS; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH; Brian Silver, MD; Stephen R. Rapp, PhD; Bernhard Haring, MD, MPH; Shirley A.A. Beresford, PhD; Linda Snetselaar, PhD; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, PhD. Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative. Stroke (2019)

Good Deed Report (Part 1) + Professor Memo (Incident Report - Part 2) Assignment

Good Deed Report (Part 1) + Professor Memo (Incident Report - Part 2) - Assignment Example Immediately after college, I landed a part-time job in a fast food restaurant in the city before receiving my college results. After working for a few months, I received a notification that I had qualified to pursue a degree course at the University. When admissions were close, I was preoccupied with registration and admission procedures and seldom found time to attend work. In the last week of administration, I had many follow-up activities related to my university admission and did not find time to go to work. However, Allan multitasked and served customers at the counter and food service unit. I was new at work, and it was difficult finding an employee at the restaurant to cover for me. My colleagues in the food service unit were often overwhelmed in the afternoons after working throughout the morning. Therefore, my absence was unwelcome unless I had someone to replace me at the unit to avoid overworking my colleagues. Allan was the most unlikely colleague since he was working in the accounting department, but the only employee left. It was amazing when he agreed to my request after thoroughly explaining why I would be away. The fast food restaurant was small compared to other restaurants in the city. However, the increasing number of colleges surrounding the restaurant was a potential market for expansion and growth, especially during the fall. Many factors made Allan succeed in performing both duties and tasks. Firstly, I recognized Allan has exceptional customer relations skills. It is apparent many customers arriving in the evening had delayed service because he had to juggle between receiving money from customers and serving them food. Secondly, Allan is a team player. He has never worked in the food service unit, thus, not familiar with many employees there. However, he managed to get along with the employees to offer a lasting experience to customers. Finally, I was surprised by

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication Essay

Language is the Most Important Component of Communication - Essay Example The study of language, known as linguistics, has tried to show how language develops among different communities. This study also tries to understand the factors that contribute to similarities and differences in languages. It is clear from the chapter that language does not only mean the ability to talk. There are many forms of language used by human beings to communicate. Spoken language is the most common among them. Currently, there are about three thousands to six thousands different languages in the world. Linguistic anthropology, a branch of linguistics, majors in the study of structure of language. In this study, anthropologists study patterns of sound, the meaning of words made by these sounds, and how these words are combines to make meaningful sentences. Semantics are also covered in this area. Different people from different locations use different terns to describe similar things and physical phenomena in their environment. However, there are some similarities in some of their classifications for instance relatives. Also another area of concern for anthropologists is the origin of language. There are different models that explain the origin and development of language. For instance, from the behaviorist model, a person acquires and develops language from both negative and positive experiences. In linguistics, specifically historical linguistics, the relationship between different languages is also explored. ... Another field of linguistic anthropology is the study of non-verbal communication. Different communities have different forms of nonverbal communication. However, there are those that are universal. Non-verbal communication uses signs and body language to communicate different messages. This field of linguistics have helped very much especially in the study of sign language which is now being used universally. Yet another modern form of language is coded language which is very specialized. This field is being utilized in the field of science for instance in computers. Question two Language is part of every society’s culture therefore understanding the language of a community helps in understanding of a culture of a society. In studying the similarities, differences and development of languages of different communities, we are able to understand the societies better. For example there are communities that live in different geographic locations but have similar or related langua ges. Through this, we can be able to trace the origin of some communities. In these modern days, globalization has influenced almost all aspects in life language included. By making the world a global village means that there is a need for every person from any part of the world to understand each other. In the early times, communication was the major barrier to globalization. Studies in linguistics made everything easier all over sudden. With development of sign language people could communicate and even do business without necessarily having to talk. Again, development of sign language has helped in communication of people who cannot talk or hear. The study of linguistics is being applied

Compare and contrast binet and simons approach to measuring Essay

Compare and contrast binet and simons approach to measuring intelligence with that of sternberg - Essay Example In 1905, Binet and Simon devised one of the first tests of measuring intelligence in French children. The test was carried out in order to detect French children that were likely to face difficulties in their studies so that these children could receive special education. Binet and Simon developed tests that assessed each child’s intelligence. As a result of these tests, Binet and Simon discovered that tests of memory, practical skills, puzzle solving skills and vocabulary tests were better at predicting the level of intelligence in school children than the simple sensory tests that was previously used (Binet & Simon, 1916). In the approach employed by Binet and Simon to measuring intelligence in children, children were instructed to perform certain tasks; such as defining abstract terms, defining common words, spotting the differences between two objects, recognising objects in pictures, repeating spoken digits and following simple commands and gestures. Sternberg on his own part proposed an alternative, cognitive-components approach to measuring intelligence (1977); he posited that the level of intelligence of an individual could be measured in terms of a data-analysis component that constitutes some form of multifaceted analysis such as deductive reasoning and logical inference. He used this data and statistical analysis technique to disintegrate mental task performance into its fundamental constituents. Binet and Simon invented what is generally known as the Binet-Simon scale, which encompassed a series of tasks that they thought typically represented the intellectual competencies of the children at different ages. They tested their measurement on a sample of fifty children that were divided into five age groups; each group comprised ten children believed to be averagely intelligent. The main aim of the Binet-Simon scale was to compare the mental abilities of some children to those of their

The Scope Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

The Scope Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay The scope of the hospitality industry comprises of a range of businesses that provide services and facilities such as accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, gaming and related products. The term hospitality has become accepted over the years as a generic word, which describes the well being of services and facilities related to tourists and travellers. The hospitality industry is represented in every country in the world and is diverse and complex. It encompasses a range of free-standing hospitality businesses and is also a component of a wide range of venues whose primary function is not hospitality. The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources. /Sources: hospitality industry Wikipedia The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The hospitality industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information. Usage rate is an important variable for the hospitality industry. Just as a factory owner would wish to have his or her productive asset in use as much as possible (as opposed to having to pay fixed costs while the factory isnt producing), so do restaurants, hotels, and theme parks seek to maximize the number of customers they process. Gilmarie Salise 1 One of the adherent growing sectors of the economy of our time is the hotel industry. The hotel industry alone is a multi-billion dollar and growing enterprise. It is inspiring, never boring and offer unlimited opportunities. The hotel industry in diverse enough for people to work in different areas of interest and still at work within the hotel industry. Twenty first centurys hotels provide modern precise services to their guests. The customers or guests are always right. This principle necessitated application of management principles in the hotel industry and the hotel professionals realized the instrumentality of marketing principles of managing the hotel industry. The approach of total quality management is found getting and important function in the marketing management of hotels. The emerging positive trend in the tourism industry indicates that hotel industry is like a reservoir where the foreign exchange flows. This naturally draws our attention on Hotel Management. Like other industries, the hotel industry needs to explore avenues for innovation so that a fair blending of core and peripheral service is made possible. It is not to be forgotten that the leading hotel companies of the world have been intensifying research to enrich their peripheral services with the motto of adding additional attractions to their service mix. It is against this background that we find the service mix more flexible in nature. The recruitment and training programmes are required to be developed in the features of the technical sophistication. The leading hotel companies have been found promoting an ongoing training programme so that the personnel come to know about the use of sophisticated communication technologies. General classification of Hotel Industry Classification of Hotels: on the basis of standards Like most of the countries in the world, India could be an example and has also hotels divided in different categories depending on their location, facilities, infrastructures and amenities provided. All the star hotels in India are government approved with continuous control on the quality on the services offered. Five Star Hotels the most luxurious and conveniently hotels in India are grouped under Five Star Deluxe categories. Five Star Hotel in India are globally competitive in the quality of services provided, facilities offered and accommodation option. These are the top of the line hotels located mostly in big cities. These hotels provide all the modern facilities for accommodation and recreation matching international standards in hospitality. In such type of hotel HR department are established separately and to execute and to follow the concept of HR strictly, HR professionals are hired. Four Star Hotels A rung below five star hotels are Four Star Hotels, these hotels provide all modern amenities to the travellers with a limited budget .Quality of services is almost as high as five stars and above categories. These kinds of hotels are there for the travellers with the limited budget or for the places which might not get the tourist traffic associated with larger cities. In such type of hotel concept of HR is more or less followed. Three Star Hotels These are mainly economy class hotels located in the bigger and smaller cities and catering to the needs of budget travellers. Lesser in amenities and facilities, these hotels are value for money and gives good accommodation and related services in the reduced price. In such type of hotel concept of HR may or may not be present. Two Star Hotels This type of hotels are most available in the small cities and in the particular areas of larger cities. Catering for the backpacker tourist traffic, these hotels provide all the basic facilities needed for general accommodation and offer the lowest prices. In this type of hotel concept of HR is absent. Gilmarie Salise 2 One Star Hotels The hotels with most basic facilities, small number of rooms location in the fur-flung areas are grouped under one star hotel category. These hotels are best when customers for looking cheapest available accommodation option. In this type of hotel concept of HR is alien words. Organisational Structure of Hotel Industry Core Operational Department: Food and Beverage (F B) Department F B deals mainly with food and beverage allied activities. Different divisions are there in F B are Restaurants, Speciality Restaurants, Coffee Shop (24hrs), Bar, Banquets, Room Service etc. Apart from that they have Utility services (Cleaning) . Housekeeping Department The housekeeping Department is another important department in hospitality world. Housekeeping is responsible for cleaning the hotels guestrooms and public areas. This department has the largest staff, consisting of an assistant, room inspectors, room attendants, a house person crew, linen room attendants and personnel in charge of employee uniforms. They may have their own laundry and valet equipment may use it only for hotel linens and uniforms and send guest clothing to an outside service where can be handled with specialised equipment. Front Office Department The front office is the command post for the reservations, registering guests, take in charge of guest accounts (cashiering/payment), checking out guests. It is the front desk responsible to allocate their designated rooms, distribute their keys, send mails, emails or other information for guests. It is the also the most visible part of the front office area. Food Production Department Food production department handles with the preparation of food. Basically, it is their responsibility to prepare dishes or menus which are ordered by guest and afterward catered by the F B Department. They can prepare different kind of Cuisine like Chinese, Indian, Thai, Filipino, Western food, Italian and a lot more. Core Functional Departments Marketing and Selling Department Sales and marketing has become one of the most vital functions of the hotel business and integral part of modern of hotel management. It includes packaging of selling, sales promotion,, advertising and public relations. The marketing divisions is charged with the responsibility of keeping the rooms in the hotel occupied at the right price and with the right mix of guests. Gilmarie Salise 3 Safety and Security Department The security of guests, employees, personal property and the hotel itself is an overriding concern for todays hoteliers. In the past, most security precautions concentrated on the prevention on thefts from guests and the hotel. However, today such violent crimes as murder and rape have become a problem for some hotels. Unfortunately, crime rates in most major cities are arising. Hence today security department also concentrate on these additional criminal activities too. Engineering and Maintenance Department This department provides on the day-to-day basis the utility services, electricity, hot water, steams, air conditioning and other services and is responsible for repair and maintenance of the equipment, furniture and fixtures in the hotel. Finance, Accounting and Control Department The finance and accounting department is responsible for keeping track of the many business transactions that occur in the hotel. Accounting department does the bookkeeping regarding financial matters in an appropriate description. Whereby the control department is concern with cost control guidelines by the way reducing in investment, reduction in operating cost, control of food service cost, control of beverage costs, labour cost control, etc. Administration Department This department is responsible for all the work with the administration, personnel, manpower, employees welfare, medical and health security. Scale, scope and diversity in a Hotel Industry The primary purpose of hotels is to provide travellers with shelter, food, refreshment, and similar services and goods, offering on a commercial basis things that are customarily furnished within households but unavailable to people on a journey away from home. Hotel today not only cater to the basic needs of the guest like food and shelter provide much more than that, like personalized services etc. Many more and more people are travelling not only for business reasons but for leisure as well. As a matter of fact, because of the massive increase on tourism economy, tourism continues to grow as political freedom, economic wherewithal and social equality spread across the whole world. There was a growth in international travel and thereby growth in hotel industry. Hotel development also involved diversification of hotel types. Most early hotels had been large urban luxury establishments, but newer variants quickly emerged. Resort hotels, designed to accommodate the rising tide of tourists, were built in panoramic rural landscapes far from the cities. Commercial hotels, more simply furnished and less expensive than the luxury variant, served the growing ranks of travelling salesmen and other commercial workers set in motion by the expanding economy. Railroad hotels were built at regular intervals along track lines to provide passengers and crews with places to eat and rest in the decades before the introduction of sleeping cars. Residential hotels, dedicated to the housing needs of families increasingly unable to afford private houses in expensive urban real estate markets, served as the prototypes for apartment buildings. Gilmarie Salise 4 Scale, scope and diversity in a Restaurant Industry The restaurant industry, on the other hand, covers fine dining specialty restaurants, fast food outlets, canteens, and food courts. Fine dining and specialty restaurants offer a wide variety of international cuisines. The restaurant originated in France dating back to 1765 when one A. Boulanger, a soup vendor, opened an establishment advertising restoratives, or restaurants, referring to the soups and broths available within. The institution took its name from the advertisement, and restaurant now denotes a public eating place in English, French, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Romanian, and many other languages, with some variations. In the Philippines, a new trend in the restaurant industry is rapidly gaining popularity, that is, eat-all-you-can buffets, which are offered at reasonable prices. A number of restaurants offer buffets with no leftovers at 50% off normal buffet prices. /Sources: http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps Based on my own country Philippines, although local entrepreneurs own most fine dining restaurants, an overwhelming number of fast food outlets are American franchises. These outlets, therefore, pose serious competition for local franchises. Particularly since tastes and preferences of consumers tend to favour international, especially, fast foods and restaurants. Finally, product differentiation exists in the industry. Established firms have brand identification and customer loyalties, which stem from past advertising and customer service. In the Philippines, tourism is one of the major industries that the WTTC noted as positioned at the epicentre of global travel and tourism growth and development. In 1997, tourism contributed 8.7% of the countrys GDP, generating 2.3 million jobs (or one in every nine nationwide), and accounting for some 10.5% of Philippine investments. According to the Department of Tourism, international arrivals in 1999 stood at 2.17 million, a slight increase from the previous years total of 2.15 million visitors. Despite the economic crisis suffered by its Asian markets, the Philippines foreign exchange receipts from tourism went up by 5.83% from $2.41 billion in 1998 to $2.55 billion in 1999. Moreover, the Philippines enjoyed the highest repeat visitors in Asia at 54.22 percent, indicating that the tourism sector can survive external threats and competition in the region. As tourism serves as the main market for hotel and restaurant services, increase in visitor traffic over the past ten years resulted in a corresponding boom in the hotel and restaurant industry. During the last decade, the hotel and restaurant industry has flourished even as it struggled to cope with difficult challenges. New hotels mushroomed in the capital while older hotels have done their best to spruce-up both their interiors and upgrade services. Likewise, the growth of the restaurant sub-sector, the number of players and the variety of services offered, has been notable during the period. /Sources: http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps Gilmarie Salise 5 People 1st The Academys role To identify, endorse and promote qualifications and learning opportunities which are delivered to National Skills Academy standards. This delivery may take place in universities, colleges of further education, employer businesses and dedicated hospitality schools. Its role is also to: Focus on the areas related to management and leadership, customer service and craft skills which are central to addressing the industry challenges Innovate and provide franchisable solutions Ensure that funding is available where ever to support excellence in hospitality training. People 1st is the Sector Skills Council for the Hospitality, Leisure, Travel and Tourism Sector. The People 1st sector footprint is defined across 14 separate industries: hotels; restaurants; pubs, bars and nightclubs; contract food service providers; hospitality providers; membership clubs; events; gambling; travel services; tourist services; visitor attractions; youth hostels; holiday parks; and self-catering accommodation.  [1]   It is difficult to undertake a statistical analysis of the tourism and hospitality sector as the sector includes a number of different industries as defined by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. In the main, statistical analysis is usually concentrated on tourism related industries, the most important of which are hotels and restaurants. Across the UK, People 1st industries generate an annual turnover of  £135 billion and employ 1.9 million in more than 180,000 establishments. According to People 1st, there are 1,585 vacancies in the core hospitality sector, with the largest number of vacancies for kitchen and catering assistants, bar staff, chefs and cooks. Nearly a fifth of hospitality and tourism firms have indicated that they have hard to fill vacancies, and 48% of the unfilled vacancies are attributed to a failure to find individuals with the appropriate skills. A third of employers have reported skills gaps. British Hospitality Management The British Hospitality Association has been representing the hotel, restaurant and catering industry for 100 years. The Association exists to ensure that the views of the British hospitality industry are represented in a forceful, coherent and co-ordinated way to government and policy makers in the UK and internationally, in order that its members businesses can flourish. The British Hospitality Association (BHA) was established in 1907 as the Incorporated Hotel Keepers Association. In 1910 it merged with a new and entirely separate organisation called Incorporated Association of Hotels and Restaurants, taking on the latters name. In 1926 it became the Hotel and Restaurant Association of Great Britain, then the British Hotels and Restaurants Association in 1948 and the (ungrammatical) British Hotels, Restaurants and Caterers Association after the merger with Caterers Association of Great Britain in 1971. It was re-named British Hospitality Association in 1992. Along the way, it lost some of its restaurant members when they broke away to form the Restaurant Association of Great Britain in 1967. Supported by some of the industrys top independent restaurateurs, such as Prue Leith and Robert Carrier, the RAGB later The Restaurant Association fought exclusively for the interests of restaurants but the cost of such activity and the need to present a united front to government encouraged the merger with the BHA in 2003. The Restaurant Association retains its own identity as a trading division of the BHA. For a more detailed history, please read the official centenary booklet Hospitality: A Portrait. The British Hospitality Association 1907 2007 which gives a fascinating insight into the UK hospitality industry over the course of the past one hundred years. /Sources: Google Assessment: The People 1st focuses on the sector skills council for the hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism sector. The tourism and hospitality sector includes a massive number of different industries as defined by the Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC). The statistical analysis mostly concentrated on the hotels and restaurants industries. This association interact significantly on management and leadership, customer skills, job vacancies, innovate and franchisable solutions, and to make assurance that funding is available. Whereas, British Hospitality Management is an association that represents hotel, restaurants and catering industry. British Hospitality Industry are represented by this association to have a forceful, comprehensible, and combined way to UKs government policy makers and internationally, in order that it members businesses can prosper. Gilmarie Salise 7 These two different groups of professional bodies in the field of hospitality services are very important in order to have an organise and fruitful result in building businesses either on a hotel, restaurants, catering etc. The most significant aspect for any associations in hospitality industry is to work together and help with each other, exchanging ideas to give a most fascinating insight into UK industry and worldwide. Organisational Structure/Chart of Hotel Industry Organisational Structure of Hotel Industry Core Operational Department: Food and Beverage (F B) Department F B deals mainly with food and beverage allied activities. Different divisions are there in F B are Restaurants, Speciality Restaurants, Coffee Shop (24hrs), Bar, Banquets, Room Service etc. Apart from that they have Utility services (Cleaning) . Housekeeping Department The housekeeping Department is another important department in hospitality world. Housekeeping is responsible for cleaning the hotels guestrooms and public areas. This department has the largest staff, consisting of an assistant, room inspectors, room attendants, a house person crew, linen room attendants and personnel in charge of employee uniforms. They may have their own laundry and valet equipment may use it only for hotel linens and uniforms and send guest clothing to an outside service where can be handled with specialised equipment. Front Office Department The front office is the command post for the reservations, registering guests, take in charge of guest accounts (cashiering/payment), checking out guests. It is the front desk responsible to allocate their designated rooms, distribute their keys, send mails, emails or other information for guests. It is the also the most visible part of the front office area. Gilmarie Salise 8 Food Production Department Food production department handles with the preparation of food. Basically, it is their responsibility to prepare dishes or menus which are ordered by guest and afterward catered by the F B Department. They can prepare different kind of Cuisine like Chinese, Indian, Thai, Filipino, Western food, Italian and a lot more. Core Functional Departments Marketing and Selling Department Sales and marketing has become one of the most vital functions of the hotel business and integral part of modern of hotel management. It includes packaging of selling, sales promotion,, advertising and public relations. The marketing divisions is charged with the responsibility of keeping the rooms in the hotel occupied at the right price and with the right mix of guests. Safety and Security Department The security of guests, employees, personal property and the hotel itself is an overriding concern for todays hoteliers. In the past, most security precautions concentrated on the prevention on thefts from guests and the hotel. However, today such violent crimes as murder and rape have become a problem for some hotels. Unfortunately, crime rates in most major cities are arising. Hence today security department also concentrate on these additional criminal activities too. Engineering and Maintenance Department This department provides on the day-to-day basis the utility services, electricity, hot water, steams, air conditioning and other services and is responsible for repair and maintenance of the equipment, furniture and fixtures in the hotel. Finance, Accounting and Control Department The finance and accounting department is responsible for keeping track of the many business transactions that occur in the hotel. Accounting department does the bookkeeping regarding financial matters in an appropriate description. Whereby the control department is concern with cost control guidelines by the way reducing in investment, reduction in operating cost, control of food service cost, control of beverage costs, labour cost control, etc. Administration Department This department is responsible for all the work with the administration, personnel, manpower, employees welfare, medical and health security. Gilmarie Salise 9 Organisational Structure/Chart of a Restaurant Industry Organisational Structure of Restaurant Industry Chief Executive Director (CEO) is in charge of making all final decisions, concerning the hotels, running meetings and presentations, launching new hotels, and making the final decisions of the operation managers for individuals hotels. Operations Manager also known as operation directors oversee all other manager and report to the owners directly. It is the responsible of the restaurant operation manager to handle various aspects of the restaurants operation. They deal directly with customers and employees and are responsible for a diversity of duties that include financial record keeping and hiring, handling and firing employees. The duties and responsibilities of an operation manager is to generally managing the facility in which all the materials to be use in food preparation are being organised, serving and working properly and so with the employee resources as well. Store Manager a store manager could also be called as store general manager in which they usually at least one assistant manager working for them as well as various department managers and hourly employees. Store manager is responsible to communicate in some area managers department and get their assistance in improving store operation such as service in cleanliness. Kitchen Manager is responsible of overseeing the entire operation of the kitchen. The duties and responsibilities of a kitchen manager include supervising kitchen staff and make sure they are performing their duties very well. The kitchen manager must also make sure that the kitchen area meets health and safety requirements as well as food preparation. To ensure that all food is properly prepared and meet the standards set by the restaurant. Schedule Manager To avoid confusion in creating schedule for multiple employees, the schedule manager must be organised and it is advisable and very helpful to use a typical spreadsheet to easily simplify their work and spend less time in scheduling people and more time managing. Maintenance Manager a maintenance manager or facility manager is responsible for creating and maintaining all preventive maintenance programs to help keeps the restaurant running smoothly, such as maintaining kitchen equipment, lighting, point of sale system and the physical structure. Service Supervisor Beverage Manager it is the responsibility of the beverage manager to order, stocking, and managing all alcoholic beverages in the restaurant. In fact, this kind of position must have knowledge in different brands/kind of liquors and wines and can intelligibly explain and recommend selections to customers. Main Chefs The main duty of a chef is to prepare meals for guests according to the restaurant menu. Chefs are required to create recipes that are unique from other restaurants. Chefs should generally follow a specific recipe for each menu item; they should prepare to customise the dish to the guests requests. More duties include preparing daily menu, ordering supplies, and supervising kitchen staff. Gilmarie Salise 10 Dishwashers Most of the restaurants uses a machine dishwasher to store all the messed dishes, cups, glasses, cutleries, casseroles, etc. and be washed at one at a time. While small restaurants/business hire a dishwasher to wash manually all the dishes. Service Crews a service crew is a group of co-workers that labour as a team to complete tasks of an employer. Waiters and waitresses are also called as service crews. However, service crews are not only working in a fast food but they are also working in a banquet and convention services, military, transportation, installation, and maintenance situations. Gilmarie Salise 11 RESTAURANTS Operational: Food Safety Food safety refers to all those hazards, whether chronic or acute, that may make food injurious to the health of the consumer. Food safety is and remains a top ten concern for food manufacturers and other food businesses. But a series of major food poisoning outbreaks and contamination incidents is happened in different ways and in several times. In US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created to protect health by assuring the safety and security of the nations food supply, among many other things. All food facilities including restaurants must be registered with the FDA and must also give advance notice to the FDA on shipments of imported goods. Based on my own experience, I worked in a Chinese restaurant and this restaurant also offers take away either in delivery or collection. In every  £14 or more purchase it will be delivered for free. I had observed that not all days the restaurant is busy. As a matter of fact, most of the orders are takeaway. The restaurant seems busy only during weekends like Friday and Saturday. In fact, many are also ordering by phone and be delivered. The company must ensure to pass the health and safety regulations including SODEXHO training in which certificates will be given like Food and Hygiene Certificate. All employees must be aware on their own health concern that they are well-fitted enough to work in these kind of industry especially working in a restaurant. For those very sick people like Tuberculosis, they are not allowed or be part of these industry. Moreover, all utensils must be washed properly and make sure that is also being sterilised to ensure health and safety. Global sales of food additives were estimated at well in excess of USD25bn in value terms in 2007. Although the market is dominated by sectors such as flavours and hydrocolloids, recent growth has been most impressive in those additives most relevant to the prevailing trend towards lower-fat foods. In contrast, some sectors have been adversely affected by the effects of rising low-cost Chinese production, which has driven down market value in some instances. The Food Additives Market Global Trends Developments is a publication from Leatherhead Food International (now Leatherhead Food Research), which updates the previous edition published in 2005. The report identifies the major market forces influencing the global additives market, and presents a detailed analysis of trends in the market for 13 different additive categories. In addition to information on applications, market sizes and trends, and the leading companies in the industry, the report also discusses finished food trends impacting on additives and assesses future prospects for the industry. http://www.leatherheadfood.com Managerial: Security Security in enterprise computing system is not simply a matter of technology and cannot be addressed satisfactorily with hardware and software alone. It also a matter of managing people, establishing and enforcing strong (right and clear) policies, implementing procedures and strengthen security, and periodically checking the effectiveness of the security architecture and making necessary changes. To become a successful security manager, he or she must constantly educate himself or herself and his or her staff. Basically, when we talk about security it is generalised. Not only on computer or system security but accordingly on engineering, security on policies and regulations, security of the place and overall security. Authentication mechanisms are used to identify the identity of subject and thus ensu